1. Cell Biology
Chapter 4

2. What you need to know!
The structure and function of organelles common to plant and animal cells.
The structure and function of organelles found only in plant cells or only in animal cells.

3. Organelles in the Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope:
A membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls what can enter and leave
Chromatin:
DNA
codes for proteins
Nucleolus:
Dark circle in the center of the nucleus
Ribosomes (another organelle) are made here

4. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Tiny little dots
Make proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Noodles with ribosomes all over it
Proteins made here
Smooth ER
Noodles without ribosomes
Make lipids (fats, oils, waxes, cell membrane), & detox cell
Golgi Apparatus
Stack of pancakes
Packages proteins for storage or shipping

5. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Produces energy (from sugar) for the cell
Chloroplasts
Uses sunlight to make sugar in PLANT CELLS ONLY

6. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Digestive compartments
Break down food and damaged organelles
Vacuoles (vesicles)
Store and transport anything the cell needs (i.e. food, water, waste, protein)
Central vacuoles in plants help support the cell shape

7. Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Made of actin Maintains cell shape
Intermediate filaments
Made of various proteins
Helps maintain cell shape, and anchors organelles
Microtubules
Made of tubulin
Help anchor organelles, roads for organelle movement, cell movement (cilia & flagella)

8. Organelles: Cell Boundaries
Cell Membrane
Flexible barrier made up of a lipid bi-layer
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Cell Wall
Supports, protects, and shapes PLANT CELLS ONLY
More stiff than cell membrane