1. China
Chapter 3 sections 3 & 4

2. Geography of China
The Huang He (Yellow) & Chang Jaing (Yangtze) Rivers were some of the greatest food producing areas of the ancient world
The Huang He is often referred to as “China’s sorrow” because of its devastating floods (sometimes killing up to 1,000,000 people)
Only 10% of land is arable
Gobi Desert
Himalayas

3. Huang He

4. The Gobi

5. Loess Plateau

6. Takla Makan Desert

7. The Tibetan Plateau

8. Yangtze Gorges

9. The First Dynasties 2,000 B.C.: Xia (SYAH) Dynasty
B.C.: Shang Dynasty
Anyang (built out of wood)
Aristocracy held the power (the territories were governed by warlords)
Early kings were buried with corpses of faithful servants in the royal tombs
Oracle bones (first Chinese writing) were used to communicate with the gods
The belief in an afterlife mutated into “ancestor worship”
Known for their bronze casting

10. Chinese Society
The peasants worked the land for their warlords, but they also had land for their own use
Merchants were considered the property of the local lord & were not very well thought of
Family served as the basic economic & social unit
finial piety = duty of the members of the family to subordinate their needs & desires to those of the male head of the family
Male supremacy, but women did have influence in politics

12. Bronze Horse

14. Vessel

15. The Zhou (JOH) Dynasty
B.C. Revolted against the Shang because the king swam in “ponds of wine” & “ruined the moral of the nation”
the king was seen as a link between Heaven & Earth
Mandate of Heaven = Kings claimed to have the authority to rule because they had the blessings from the gods
The king, who was chosen to rule because of his talent & virtue, was then responsible for ruling the people with goodness & efficiency
He was expected to rule according to the “proper way” called the Dao/Tao (DOW)
If he failed, he would be overthrown by a new leader & begin a new Dynastic Cycle

17. The Dynastic Cycle A New dynasty establishes power
with a mandate of heaven
The dynasty rules
successfully
for many years,
then begins to decline
The central government
begins to collapse;
Rebellions
& invasions begin
The dynasty collapses

18. Yes! This is money!

19. The Period of Warring States 403 B.C. – 221 B.C.

20. Qin (CHIN) Dynasty B.C.
Qin Shihuangdi (CHIN SHUR HWONG DEE) was the first emperor of China
Practiced Legalism:
Burned books, and oppressed local culture to assert his own power & he would execute anyone who disobeyed him
Divided the government into 3 parts:
Civil
Military
the censorate (government inspectors)

21. Began to appoint government officials Unified China by:
Established a road system
Creating a universal monetary unit (money)
Built the first Great Wall of China to keep out the Xiongnu (SYEN NOO)
The emperor died in 210 B.C. (terra cotta tomb) & the dynasty was overthrown 4 years later

23. Tomb of the 1st Emperor

25. The Han Dynasty 202 B.C. -220 A.D Liu Bang (LYOH BONG) = Han Gaozu
Replaced Legalism with Confucianism
Established the Civil Service exam as a way to get into the government
Established schools to teach Confucian ideal, Chinese history & laws
Han Wudi extended the boarders all the way to modern Vietnam & pushed back the Xiongnu (the nomads to the north, beyond the Great Wall)

27. Han Society
All men had to serve in the military & provide free labor (forced) for up to 1 month / year
many small farmers were forced to become tenants for the local aristocratic families, and the warlords began to raise their own armies
Was conquered because of peasant unrest & invasion from the north
Expanded trade along the silk road (trade route from China to the Middle East)
New technologies:
water mills for grinding grain
iron casting & Steel
Paper
sailing technology (rudder & for & aft riggings)… expansion of trade

28. Fall of the Han
Weak rulers led to a decline in power of the central government
Noble families amassed all the land & forces small farmers to become tenants
Widespread peasant unrest
Nomadic raids in the north
190 B.C. rebel armies sacked the capital
220 China erupted into civil war

29. gilded bronze palace-lamp,

30. Tomb Figurines

31. Chinese Writing Invented in the Shang Dynasty
Evolved over thousands of years
Pictographic & Ideographic
One Chinese character (symbol) is a pictograph
2 or more combined are an ideograph

33. Chinese Philosophies During the Zhou (JOH) Dynasty Confucianism
Legalism
Daoism or Taoism (DOW)

34. Confucianism 551 B.C. Confucius = Kongfuzi (KOONG FOO DZUH)
Wrote The Analects (political & ethical not religious)
Concerned with restoring & maintaining order in the real world, not with spirituality (opposite of Buddhism)
Encouraged people to follow the Dao ( the proper way)through duty & humanity
Believed that government should not be controlled by those of noble birth (AKA aristocrats), but should be open to all men of superior talent
His teachings were the center of Chinese education & government for the next 2,000 years

35. 5 constant relationships:
Parent & child
Husband & wife
Older sibling & younger sibling
Older friend & younger friend
Ruler & subject

37. Daoism (Taoism)
Laozi (LOW DZUH) AKA “the Old Master” (we do not know if he actually existed)
Given credit for writing the Tao Te Ching (The Way of the Dao)
Does not concern itself with spirituality
Believed the best way to follow the will of heaven is inaction
Believed in acting spontaneously, and letting nature take its course

39. Legalism
Believed that people were evil by nature, and that they must be suppressed by harsh laws & punishments
Believed that strong rulers established an orderly society & they did not need to be compassionate
Believed fear kept the people in line
Often referred to as the “school of law”