1. The Background to Modern African American History
Slavery and the Civil War

2. African Americans in 1860 About 4,000,000 slaves
About 400,000 free African Americans
Half in South
Half in North
Dred Scott Supreme Court case (1857): People of African Descent could NOT be citizens of the U.S.

3. Task Labor (rice region)

4. Gang Labor -- Cotton

5. Other work by slaves house work –more often women and children
skilled labor--artisans
slave drivers and overseers

6. Slave Cabin (Georgia)

7. Slave Housing (S. C. coast)

8. Religion Evangelical Christian Formal and informal congregations
Baptist
Methodist
Formal and informal congregations
Black Preachers
Spirituals

9. Family Life Husbands and wives Parents and children
Competition with masters

10. Families Divided Lack of legal protection Reasons: Separate masters
Gifts and inheritance
Moving west with owners
Sale to interstate trade

11. Punishment

12. Music and folklore

13. Civil War (1861 – 1865) Confederacy – secession to protect slavery
Union -- At first -- NOT to end slavery—to preserve the union
Abraham Lincoln views before 1860: Opposes slavery AND opposes equal citizenship

14. Toward emancipation Runaways: “Contrabands” of war
Failure of “soft war” policy
Emancipation Proclamation
Preliminary September 1862
Final January 1, 1863

15. Black Soldiers in the Civil War

16. Recruiting poster

17. Battle of Fort Wagner, July 1863

18. Memorial to Mass. 54th -- Boston

19. African Americans fighting for Union
130,000 had been slaves in 1860
50, ,000 were free before the CW

20. 13th Amendment ended slavery
Adopted, 1865

21. Some course themes Oppression and resistance Citizenship
Work; Religion; Music

22. Reconstruction after Civil War
Questions:
What place for the former slaves?
Citizens?
Laborers?
What place for all African Americans?

23. 506 Lecture 1 (2106)
For Wednesday
Bring to class – typed: TWO QUESTIONS you would like answered in this course
Read 14th and 15th Amendments (myCourses)
Can you explain clearly the what the second clause of the 14th Amendment says about voting?