1. Phylum Arthropoda
Largest phylum on earth Examples: spiders, ticks, scorpions, centipedes, lobsters, insects million species are unidentified

2. Characteristics of Arthropods
1. External skeleton 2. Specialized body segments called appendages 3. Specialized respiratory structure 4. Advanced sensory system
Insect Shedding Exoskeleton 

3. Exoskeleton Epidermis secretes hard cuticle made of chitin
Provides protection
Prevents tissue from drying out
3 Layers to Exoskeleton
Outer Wax layer
Middle Chitin layer
Flexible Inner layer
Cicada Exoskeleton 

4. Exoskeleton Terms
Molting  shed exoskeleton during growth Metamorphosis  changing form through development Complete: egg larva  pupa  adult Incomplete: egg nymph  adult

5. Segments of Insect
1. Head Thorax Abdomen

6. Specialized Appendages
Pincers  for hunting & feeding Mouthparts  chewing Antennae  senses odors, vibrations
Scorpion Pincer
Pincers of a Fire Ant

7. Respiratory System
Very efficient gas exchange Trachea  hollow tube to take in Oxygen Book Lungs -> Flat plates for gas exchange Gills  aquatic gas exchange

8. Feeding Herbivores and Carnivores
Digestion
Feeding Herbivores and Carnivores
Grasshopper Eating a Leaf
Praying Mantis Eating a Cricket

9. Response
Brain & Nerve Chords  coordinate movement and senses Compound Eyes Eyes with individual light detectors, each with its own lens

10. Malphigian Tubule of a Cockroach
Excretion
Terrestrial  Malphigian Tubules  sacs which remove water waste & add to feces Aquatic  diffusion
Malphigian Tubule of a Cockroach

11. All have open circulatory system
Circulation
All have open circulatory system
Very Few or No Blood Vessels

12. Reproduction
Separate Sexes Terrestrial  Internal Fertilization Aquatic  Internal or External Fertilization

13. Classes of Arthropods Crustacea Crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp
2 body segments (thorax & abdomen)
5 pairs of legs

14. Classes of Arthropods Arachnida Spiders, ticks, scorpions
2 body segments (thorax & abdomen)
4 pairs of legs
Poison, glands, stingers, fangs

15. Classes of Arthropods Insecta Bee, cricket, ant, fly, moth, beetle
3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
3 pairs of legs
social behaviors
Dung Beetle
Leopard Moth

16. Classes of Arthropods Chilopoda Centipedes Many body segments
1 pair of legs per segment
Carnivores, poison glands
Silverfish- Not a Centipede!
I won’t bite you!
Centipede
I can bite you!

17. Classes of Arthropods I’m a Millipede! Diplopoda Millipedes
Many body segments
2 pairs of legs per segment
Herbivores, harmless
I’m a Millipede!

18. Red-Backed Salamander
Phylum Amphibia
-Vertebrates that live on land and in water -345 million years ago amphibians came out of water -Breathed Oxygen from air when water was stagnant -Includes frogs, salamanders, and toads
Red-Backed Salamander
I live near you!
Golden Bell Frog

19. Characteristics of Amphibians
-Hind legs to support weight -Developed respiratory system with lungs -Moist skin that absorbs additional oxygen 3 chambered heart -Advanced nervous system with spinal cord
Hello!

20. Organs of the Frog
-Skin- For respiration -Nares- Take in Oxygen -Tongue  Used for catching prey -Liver- Detoxifies Harmful substances -Stomach-Mixes food with gastric juices; sends food to SI -Gall Bladder- Stores Bile -Pancreas-Secretes enzymes and hormones for digestion -Small Intestine – Absorbs nutrients and sends undigested food to LI -Fat Bodies-Fat source for frog during hibernation -Kidney –Produces and excretes Urine -Spleen—Stores and purifies blood -Heart- pumps blood throughout the body -Lungs- Takes in Oxygen and distributes to blood -Testes- Male sex organs -Ovaries- Female sex organs