1. Bell Work
Turn in your DBQ from last Friday if you took it home to complete.
Complete your calendars.

2. Unit 4 The Ante Bellum Period Part 13
The Culture of the Ante Bellum Period

3. Early American literature was primarily based on political or religious topics.
In the early 19th century, U.S. writers began to develop a distinctly American style. Washington Irving became famous for his short stories based on American folklore while James Fenimore Cooper gained fame as a novelist who wrote about Native American & frontier life.

4. Cooper & Irving influenced future American writers, & helped inspire new artistic & intellectual movements.
The constantly growing frontier of the early 1800’s helped make individualism an underlying concept of American society. It was the ideal that Americans were not attached to any particular social class, were free from traditional social restraints, & could prosper according to their talents & hard work.

5. Art & literature was influenced by the romantic movement in Europe
Art & literature was influenced by the romantic movement in Europe. Romanticism was a reaction to industrialization & the ideals of the Enlightenment. Romantic art stressed feelings & nature over reason & man-made environments.
Romanticism led many intellectuals to embrace transcendentalism, which was the belief that people could overcome the mind’s limits in order to see the real truth & beauty of the universe w/ the soul.

6. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a leading transcendentalist
Ralph Waldo Emerson was a leading transcendentalist. He rejected organized religion & believed people were trapped by traditional customs.
Emerson spread his ideas through essays, poetry, & public lectures. He also influenced American writers by urging them to be non-traditional.

7. Henry David Thoreau embraced the concept of transcendentalism fully by living alone in a simple cabin near Walden Pond. He described this time in Walden, a book that advocates non-conformity & civil disobedience.
Margaret Fuller used transcendentalism to support women’s rights. She argued that the soul was the true essence of all, & since women were equal to men spiritually, then they should be considered equal in all other areas as well.

8. Question: Timed Pair Share
FACE PARTNER:
What do you think civil disobedience or nonconformity looks like modern day? How do these ideas evolve and change over time?
Each have 30 seconds! Watch the timer!

9. Walt Whitman was the most influential transcendentalist poet
Walt Whitman was the most influential transcendentalist poet. His most famous work is Leaves of Grass, which celebrates the individual & each person’s connection to the natural world.

10. Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, & Edgar Allan Poe expressed a darker vision of individualism. Their works show how unchecked individualism can bring about one’s destruction.

11. Question: (Timed Pair Share)
SHOULDER PARTNER
How can too much individualism be a bad thing? Explain a situation where this would not be in the best interest of the majority.
Each have 30 seconds, watch the timer!

12. Transcendentalists created utopian communities where members could commune w/ nature & achieve their spiritual potential. The most important of these communes was Brook Farm. Some of the leading transcendentalist intellectuals lived at Brook Farm, but they lacked a solid economic base & the commune quickly failed.

13. Many American artists were heavily influenced by the romantic movement
Many American artists were heavily influenced by the romantic movement. The Hudson River School, founded by Thomas Cole, embodies a group of American landscape painters who began by painting views of the Hudson River Valley.

14. In the growing cities, young people who had come in large numbers looking for work & a better life than they could expect on farms helped create a new urban culture.
Traditional attitudes towards sex loosened. People of all classes paid closer attention to fashion as a means of being sexually attractive, extramarital affairs became more prevalent, & overall morality seemed to decline.

15. Unit 4 Focus Sheet
You have the rest of the class period to work on your Unit 4 Focus sheet.
This is the review for your test on Thursday.
You must be working on this OR if you are finished some other homework quietly.