1. The study of living things
Life Science : Biology
The study of living things

2. Structure and Function
Different organisms may have different structures that do the same job.
Example: cilia, flagella, wings, fins & legs help organisms move

3. Cells Basic unit of structure and function of life.
New cells can come only from existing cells

4. Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell Pro = “before”,karyon = “nucleus” Smaller Less complex and less organized Includes few cell structures Lacks nucleus - DNA floats freely Example Organisms: bacteria

5. Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Eu = “true”, karyon = “nucleus” Larger
Larger
More complex and more organized
Includes many cell structures
Has nucleus - DNA enclosed inside
Example organisms: plants and animals

6. Cell Membrane
Encloses the cell allowing some materials to pass through it, but not others

7. Cytoplasm
Mostly water, with other substances dissolved in it

8. Nucleus
Home to the cell’s chromosomes which are genetic structures that contain the information used to direct cell activity and make new cells
Made of DNA

9. Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds and protects the nucleus

10. Nucleolus
Responsible for making ribosomes

11. Vaculoes
Fluid-filled structures temporarily store different substances needed by the cell
Some storing waste products

12. Mitochondria
Use oxygen to transform the energy in food

13. Endoplasmic retiulum (and ribosomes)
Produce important products for the cell including proteins and lipids
Internal delivery system for the cell

14. Golgi bodies
Help package products form the endoplasmic reticulum and distribute them around the cell.

15. Choroplasts (plant cells only)
Food-making structures of plant cells containing the green pigment, chlorophyll
Sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose—the simple sugar plants us as food.
Process is called photosynthesis

16. Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell Similarities
Both have cell membranes. The cell membrane controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell
 Both have cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the jellylike substance that fills the cell
 Both have DNA
 Both need energy

17. Unicellular Made of only one cell
Single cell carries out all the activities of life that keep the organism alive and allow it to move, get food, reproduce and respond to its surroundings.

18. Multicellular Made of many cells
Cells work together to carry out all the activities of life that keep the organism alive and allow it to move, get food, reproduce and respond to its surroundings.
Cells are specialized

19. Robert Hooke
First person to observe cells in the 1660’s.

20. Characteristics of a Eukaryotic Cell
Large – about 10 times bigger than prokaryotic cells Complex and well-organized includes many cell structures, which perform a specific function within the cell Has nucleus – DNA enclosed inside Plants and animals are examples of multi-celled, eukaryotic organisms

21. Animal Cell

22. Plant Cell

23. Similarities of Plant and Animal Cells
cell membrane: controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell vacuole: fluid-filled sac that stores different materials mitochondria: supply energy ribosome: makes proteins nucleus: contains DNA endoplasmic reticulum: moves materials to other cell structures cytoplasm: jellylike substance that fills the cell

24. Can you add a fact?