1. “The Scramble For Africa”
Imperialism
“The Scramble For Africa”

2. What does Imperialism mean?
The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country.
Africa has until World War Two been dominated politically, economically, and socially by stronger nations.
Most recently, Europeans have dominated Africa from the mid-1800’s until the end of World War Two.

3. The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914
Causes
Nationalism
To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.
Imperialism
Economic Competition
Europeans
exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized.
Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.
Missionary Spirit
Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

4. What types of natural resources were Europeans interested in Africa?
Ivory
Gold
Diamonds
Slaves

5. Elephant Tusks

6. Elephant Tusks

7. Tusks for Sale

8. Ivory Product

9. Ivory Products

10. Ivory Products

11. Ivory Products

12. Ivory Products

13. Raw Gold!!!

14. Gold!!!

15. Gold Jewelry!!!

16. Raw Diamond

17. Raw Diamond

18. Raw Diamond

19. Diamond Ring

20. Finished Diamond

21. Diamond Ear Rings

22. Loading a Slave Ship

23. Slave Ship

24. Slavery

25. Slavery

26. What does “Missionary Zeal” mean?
The spreading of a particular religion.
European brought Christianity to Africa.
Europeans believed that Africans were “backwards” and that religion would “civilize” them.
Possible anecdote: Review of African cultures and civilizations, such as Mansa Musa and Great Zimbabwe.

27. Missionary Zeal

28. Church in South Africa

29. What was Africa called before Europeans colonized it?
The “Dark Continent”.
Racist term that referred to both the peoples of Africa and their alleged ignorance.
In reality, Africa has always had diverse groups of people with their own unique cultures and histories
Civilizations
Languages
Religions
Possible anecdote: Review of African cultures and civilizations, such as Mansa Musa and Great Zimbabwe.
Mansa Musa!!

30. FOREIGN HISTORY IN AFRICA
Greeks controlled Egypt after conquest by Alexander the Great
Romans ruled all areas along the Mediterranean coastline, including northern Africa
Arab traders converted many Africans to Islam from the 7th century
Source of slaves for the Americas from the 17th century
But little foreign interest in the interior of sub-Saharan Africa

31. DAVID LIVINGSTONE Scottish Missionary
– lived in central Africa
Explored Africa
Named Lake Victoria after the Queen of England.
Converted many Africans to Christianity
Wrote books on Africa which piqued foreign interest
1871 – He was reported as “lost”

32. DAVID LIVINGSTONE

33. HENRY STANLEY (1841-1904) Welsh-American reporter
“Found” Dr. Livingstone in Africa
“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”
Explored Africa
Congo River
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Victoria
Worked with Belgium’s King Leopold II and his African colonization company
International African Society

34. HENRY STANLEY ( )

35. CECIL RHODES ( )

36. CECIL RHODES ( )
British businessman and politician in southern Africa
Made a fortune from African diamond mines
Prime minister of Cape Colony ( )
Wanted British control over South Africa
Wanted Cape-to-Cairo Railroad
Architect of British imperialism in southern Africa
Great Britain became leading colonial power in southern Africa

37. Satellite Victoria Falls

38. Victoria Falls

39. Cape to Cairo Rail Bridge Victoria Falls

40. KING LEOPOLD II OF BELGIUM (1835-1909)
Took over land in central Africa, the Congo Region.
Berlin Conference (1885)
Leopold’s personal colony
Belgian Congo (1908)
Leopold criticized for the cruelty of his rule in the Congo
Leopold forced to sell Congo Free State to Belgian government
Created European race for African colonies – “Scramble for Africa”
Diamonds, foodstuffs, gold, ivory, rubber

41. Map of the Congo

42. What was the Berlin Conference of 1884-85?
Division of Africa by European Nations.
They agreed to notify each other of the areas they would control.
They could have these areas if they could demonstrate that they could control them.
Africans were not represented.
Colonial borders cut through African TRIBAL and LINGUISTIC regions.
By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free of European control

43. What native group of people did the British clash with in South Africa?
Zulu’s.
Led by Chief Shaka.
Eventually the Zulu’s were defeated by the British at the battle of Uluindi in 1879.
By 1887 the Zulu nation was under total British control.

44. What European group of people did the British clash with in South Africa?
Boers (Dutch Farmers) who arrived in South Africa BEFORE the British.
Boers move north to avoid the British but clash with the Zulu’s.
Boers try to maintain their claims to their land and its vast mineral wealth.
Boers attack the British in 1889 and are finally defeated in 1910.
Boers are absorbed by the British Empire.

45. The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914
Effects
Colonization
Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Imperialism
Colonial Economics
Europeans
exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized.
Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.
Christianization
Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

46. “Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”