1. Ravindra Kumar Verma Mohammad Rashid Dr. Neeraj phogat RC-1237
IP Addressing
Ravindra Kumar Verma
Mohammad Rashid
Dr. Neeraj phogat
RC-1237

2. What is an IP address?
An IP Address is a 32 bit address that uniquely and universally define the connection of a device(Computer or Router) to the internet.
A 32-bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal numbers separated by a period Example:

3. What is an IP address? Because 11111111b = 25510
Each address is 32 bits wide
Valid addresses can range from to
WHY?
Because b = 25510

4. IP Notation Binary Notation Dotted Decimal Notation Example:
Dotted Decimal Notation

5. The total of IPv4 is 232 =4,294,967,296 addresses are available
What is an IP address?
The total of IPv4 is 232 =4,294,967,296 addresses are available
WHY?
Because 232 = 4,294,967,29610

6. Two addresses in one… Each address consists of two parts
The network address
The host address
Other systems may use more than one address (Ex: IPX)

7. Classful Addressing Class A – begins with 0 Class B – begins with 10
In classful addressing the address space is divided into five classes:
Class A – begins with 0
(110) to (12610)
Class B – begins with 10
(12810) to (19110)
Class C – begins with 110
(19210) to (22310)

8. These should not be used for host addressing
Continued…
Class D – begins with 1110
22410 to 23910
Reserved for multicasting
Class E – begins with 1111
24010 to 25410
Reserved for future use
These should not be used for host addressing

9. Which part belongs to the network and which part belongs to the node?
Class A – XXXXXXXX.yyyyyyyy.yyyyyyyy.yyyyyyyy Class B – XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.yyyyyyyy.yyyyyyyy Class C – XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.yyyyyyyy
Where X = Network and y = Node

10. IP Addresses* *Numbers not exact Class 1st Octet Networks Ids Host Ids
1-126
27 = 126
224 = 16M B
214 = 16K
216 = 64K C
221 = 2M
28 = 255
*Numbers not exact

11. There are three IP network addresses reserved for private networks/8
/12
/16
These can be used by anyone setting up an internal network.
Routers will never forward packets coming from these addresses.

12. Subnetting …can be done for a variety of reasons
Organization
Use of different physical media
Preservation of address space
Security
The most common reason is to control network traffic

13. Subnetting
In an Ethernet network, all nodes on a segment see all packets transmitted by other nodes on that segment
Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads
A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of traffic each segment must receive

14. Subnet masking Class C – 255.255.255.0
Applying a subnet mask allows you to identify the network and node parts of the address. A router will then determine whether the address is local or remote.
Network bits are masked as 1s
Node bits are masked as 0s
Class A –
Class B –
Class C –

15. Subnet masking
Performing a bitwise logical AND between the IP address and the subnet mask results in the network address
Ex: Class - B
Network Address =

16. A Few Rules… Every device on a node has a unique MAC address
Every device on a node needs a unique IP address
All devices on the same physical segment share a common network ID (subnet mask)
Every physical segment has a unique Network ID (subnet mask)