1. RECONSTRUCTION

2. Plans for Reconstruction
Johnson’s Presidential Plan
Lincoln’s 10% Plan

3. Plans for Reconstruction
Johnson’s Presidential Plan
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Offered a pardon to any Confederate that would swear allegiance to the United States of America.
Denied pardons to military and government officials that killed African American POW’s.
Would allow each southern state to hold a Constitutional convention AFTER 10% OF THE VOTERS IN THE STATE HAD SWORN ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNION.
States could then hold elections and resume full participation in Union

4. Plans for Reconstruction
Johnson’s Presidential Plan
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Offered a pardon to any Confederate that would swear allegiance to the United States of America.
Denied pardons to military and government officials that killed African American POW’s.
Would allow each southern state to hold a Constitutional convention AFTER 10% OF THE VOTERS IN THE STATE HAD SWORN ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNION.
States could then hold elections and resume full participation in Union
Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the US
Permitted each state to hold Constitutional Convention without 10%. States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt.
States could then hold elections and rejoin Union

5. Plans for Reconstruction
Opposition to Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Opposition to
Johnson’s Presidential Plan
Radical Republicans, members of Congress, that thought that reconstruction should focus on achieving true equality. Lincoln’s plan:
Threatened Congressional authority
Was too lenient toward the south.

6. Plans for Reconstruction
Opposition to Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Opposition to
Johnson’s Presidential Plan
Radical Republicans, members of Congress, that thought that reconstruction should focus on achieving true equality. Lincoln’s plan:
Threatened Congressional authority
Was too lenient toward the south.
MUCH TOO GENEROUS TO THE SOUTH!

7. Freedman’s Bureau: Created to help newly freed slaves adjust to freedom.
Gave away school books and offered an education to those that were no allowed to learn

8. 2. Offered medical help

9. 3. Meals to war refugees 4. Clothing 5. Marriage certificates
Bureau lacked strong support in Congress and in public.. Was dismantled in 1869.

10. Questions Reconstruction was the effort to
return Confederate soldiers to the army.
repair damage to the southern states and bring them back to the Union.
provide voting rights to African Americans.
bring failed southern factories back to economic health.

11. Questions 2. What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
a federal relief agency to help war refugees
a Georgia program to secure liberty for slaves
a type of suitcase used by southerners after the war
an agency established to fight the Ku Klux Klan
1. In his plan for Reconstruction, Lincoln insisted that southern states
make an official apology to former slaves.
accept federal policy on slavery.
remain in the Confederacy.
repay the North for war damages.

12. Questions Unlike Lincoln, President Johnson was willing to
support Reconstruction.
punish the South for the war.
oppose the Thirteenth Amendment.
issue pardons to Confederate leaders.
Why did the Radical Republicans disagree with Lincoln's reconstruction plan?
They thought it was too harsh.
They thought it was too lenient.
They thought it couldn't be enacted in a timely fashion.
They thought it would require an illegal pocket veto.

13. Homework Read chapter 12 section 2. Define the following terms:
Black codes
Fourteenth Amendment
Civil rights
Impeach
Fifteenth amendment
Carpetbagger
Scalawag
Answer the following questions.
Why were Republicans in Congress enraged by the black codes and the reports of violence against African Americans
How did moderate republicans and radical republicans differ in their view of civil rights?
How did the public respond to Johnson’s opposition to the Fourteenth Amendment?
Why was President Johnson impeached? Was he removed from office?
Who was elected in the Presidential race of 1868? How did this man achieve celebrity status?
What were the results of the 1870 elections in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida and South Carolina.
How were those results achieved?

14. Carpetbaggers

15. Scalawags: white southern republican, usually poor…means scrawny cattle

16. How would you describe a carpetbagger?

17. Scalawags: white southern republicans…means scrawny cattle

18. Situation of the South Plantation owners: have land, no workers
Poor Southerners and freed slaves have labor, no land…
RESULT:
Sharecropping and
Tennant farming

19. Sharecropping: Poor southerners or freed slaves that would farm a portion of planters land for a share of the crop.

20. Tenant Farming: person will pay rent to landowner, grow what they want, and pay off debts through money earned from the sale of his crop
Usually has own horse, own equipment, and credit from merchants

22. Changes in Southern economy
Primarily growing cash crops
South stuck in the cycle of debt
Rise of merchants
Cities grow and expand
Labor force is changed

23. Infrastructure of the south gets rebuilt to promote industrial growth.
Public property and services that a society uses, i.e. roads, canals, railroads, bridges, telegraph lines…

24. Growth and Corruption
Grant’s Presidency one of the most corrupt eras in U.S. history
People appointed by Grant and around Grant used position for financial success.
i.e Brother in-law, Vice President, Secretary of Defense…

25. Boss Tweed and the political machine

26. Jobs and contracts = votes
THE POLITICAL MACHINE
Political machine: An unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular party or group in office.
Machine is headed by a “boss” who manages various “ward leaders” who manage the city districts.
Machine works through an exchange of favors.
Jobs and contracts = votes

27. William Marcy Tweed controlled NY City…“Boss Tweed”
Graft: use of one’s job to gain profit.
Boss Tweed controlled Democratic Party of NY City
Plundered treasury through
padded construction bills and
padded supply contracts
Fake expenses

28. “Boss” and “ward leaders” use immigrants to keep control.
English is poor
Not familiar with the Democratic system
Political parties help when no public, governmental or private help is available.

29. End of Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan: group that sought to eliminate the Republican Party in the South through intimidation and violence.
Members tended to be ex-Confederate officials and Plantation owners that had been excluded from politics
“defend the social and political superiority against the aggressions of an inferior race”

31. Wore robes and hoods to represent the ghosts of Confederate soldiers killed in the Civil War, returned from the dead to take their revenge against enemies of the South.
Spread throughout south. In Louisiana more than half of the white male population were members of the Klan.
Anti-Klan legislation: U.S passes Enforcement Act of 1870 banned the use of terror or force to stop someone from voting.

32. Reconstruction losses support of the people
Corruption: government began to symbolize corruption and greed.
Economy: Republican government needed to tax and spend heavily to help nation recover. This puts the South in further debt. Turns the attention away from equal rights.
Violence: As military pulls out of the South violence returns allowing white southerners to regain control of governments.
Solid South: Democrats were now in control of the government in the South. Republican policies and reforms were reversed by new governments.

33. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN TO THE SOUTH?
Compromise of 1877
Congress makes a deal to decide the Presidential election of 1876
Give Hayes (Republican) the presidency in exchange for the removal of federal troops in the South, more money for railroads and levees.
DEMOCRATS IN CONTROL.
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN TO THE SOUTH?

34. Success and Failure of Reconstruction
Successes
Failures
Union is restored
South’s economy grows and new wealth is created
Fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments passed
Freedmen’s bureau helps freed slaves obtain housing, jobs, schooling
Southern states adopt mandatory education
Many white southerners remain bitter toward federal government
South is slow to industrialize
After troops are withdrawn terror groups are used to deny particular groups their right to vote.
Many caught in cycle of poverty
Racism continues and grows in South

35. Poor White Southerners
1860
1860
Black Southerners
Plantation Owners
Poor White Southerners
1865
1865