1. Types of Motion This presentation will explore: Types of Movement
Converting Between Types of Movement
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2. Introduction to Motion
The way a mechanism converts motion from one type to another is known as its function.
We will illustrate functions being achieved by different mechanisms.
You may see the same mechanism used several times. This is because a mechanism may have several different functions.
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3. Mechanisms and Motion Mechanisms can:
Change the direction of movement.
Change the type of movement.
Alter the axis of movement.
Transmit force and movement.
Apply and maintain a force.
Increase speed and distance, while output force is reduced.
We will be looking at examples of each of these in subsequent screens.
Increase output force, while speed or distance is reduced.
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4. Both gears are the same size and have 32 teeth
Question 1
What does this mechanism do?
A) Increase output force.
B) Change the direction of movement.
C) Increase speed between input and output.
Both gears are the same size and have 32 teeth
The correct answer is = B
D) Decrease speed between input and output.

5. Changing the Direction of Movement
Mechanisms can change the direction of movement. Typically:
From clockwise to counter-clockwise, using a belt and pulley.
Other examples include:
Chain and sprocket and gears.
From left to right, using linked levers.
Other examples include:
Levers and rope and pulley.
From horizontal to vertical, using rope and pulley.
Other examples include:
Levers and linked levers.
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6. Question 2
The mechanism shown below, can be used to change the direction of movement from clockwise to counter-clockwise. Is this true or false?
Answer True or False.
The correct answer is = True

7. Types of Motion There are four different types of motion:
Linear (in one straight line).
Reciprocating (backward and forward in a straight line).
Rotating (round and round).
Oscillating (swinging backward and forward in an arc).
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8. Question 3
The four different types of motion are linear, reciprocating, rotating and oscillating. Is this true or false?
Answer True or False.
The correct answer is = True

9. Examples of Different Types of Movement
Linear (a runner)
Rotating (a wheel)
Oscillating (a swing)
Reciprocating (a saw)
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10. Question 4 A pendulum is an example of: A) linear motion.
B) reciprocating motion.
C) oscillating motion.
The correct answer is = C
D) rotating motion.

11. Converting Types of Movement
Mechanisms can convert different types of movement. Typically:
Linear motion to rotating motion, using rack and pinion.
Other examples include: wheel and axle and rope and pulley.
Rotating motion to linear motion, using chain and sprocket.
Other examples include: screw thread and rope and pulley.
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12. Converting Types of Movement
From rotating to reciprocating motion, using cam and slide follower.
Other examples include:
crank and link (connecting rod) and slider (4-bar linkage).
From reciprocating to rotating motion, using piston and crankshaft.
Other examples include:
crank and link (connecting rod) and slider (4-bar linkage).
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13. Converting Types of Movement
From rotating to oscillating motion, using cam and lever follower.
Other examples include:
crank and peg and slot.
From oscillating to rotating motion, using crank.
Other examples include:
4-bar linkage and peg and slot.
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14. Converting Types of Movement
From reciprocating to oscillating motion, using peg and slot.
Pivot point
Push/pull
Peg
Other examples include:
rack and pinion and crank and slider (4-bar linkage)
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15. Question 5 Which type of motion conversion is shown below?
A) Oscillating to rotating
B) Rotating to oscillating
C) Rotating to reciprocating
The correct answer is = D
D) Reciprocating to rotating

16. Question 6 Which type of motion conversion is shown below?
A) Linear to rotating
B) Rotating to oscillating
C) Rotating to linear
The correct answer is = C
D) Rotating to reciprocating

17. Changing the Axis of Rotation
These mechanisms change the axis of rotation:
Bevel gears.
Flexible couplings.
Worm and wheel.
Belt and pulleys.
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18. Question 7 What type of mechanism is shown below? A) Bevel gears
B) Flexible couplings
C) Worm and wheel
The correct answer is = C
D) Belt and pulleys

19. Transmitting Force and Movement
(without changing the type of movement)
Linear or reciprocating movement, using linked levers.
Other examples include: rods.
Rotating or oscillating movement, using flexible couplings.
Other examples include:
belt and pulley and chain and sprocket
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20. Applying and Maintaining a Force
These mechanisms can apply and maintain a force:
Toggle (4-bar linkage).
Worm and wheel.
Cam.
Rope and pulley.
Screw thread.
Spring.
Brake system.
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21. Question 8 Can a rope and pulley mechanism apply and maintain a force?
Answer Yes or No.
The correct answer is = Yes

22. Increasing Output Force and Decreasing Speed
Input
These mechanisms can increase output force and decrease speed:
Rotating or oscillating parts, using chain and sprocket.
Other examples include: gears (gearing down) and worm and wheel.
Output
Input
Reciprocating parts or parts moving in a straight line, using linked levers.
Other examples include: rope and pulley
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23. Increasing Output Speed and Decreasing Force
Input
These mechanisms can increase output speed and decrease force:
Rotating or oscillating parts, using chain and sprocket.
Other examples include: gears (gearing up) and bevel gears.
Output
Input
Reciprocating parts or parts moving in a straight line, using linked levers.
Other examples include: rack and pinion.
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24. Question 9 To produce a gain in force, the:
A) output gear must be smaller than the input gear.
B) output gear must be bigger than the input gear.
C) input and output gears must be the same size.
The correct answer is = B
D) size of the gears does not matter.

25. Ratchet Mechanisms
A ratchet mechanism consists of a wheel and a pawl. The wheel has saw shaped teeth (ratchet) which engage with the pawl.
As the ratchet wheel turns, the pawl falls into the 'dip' between the teeth. The ratchet wheel can only turn in one direction.
Alternatively, if the ratchet is allowed to move freely and an oscillating motion is applied to the pawl, the wheel will turn with a stepped motion.
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26. Question 10 What type of motion does the pawl produce? A) Linear
B) Rotating
C) Reciprocating
The correct answer is = C
D) Oscillating

27. Summary You should now be aware of: Types of Movement
Converting Between Types of Movement
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