1. principles and modern applications
ELEVENTH EDITION
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
principles and modern applications
PETRUCCI HERRING MADURA BISSONNETTE 1
Matter: Its Properties and Measurement
PHILIP DUTTON
UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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2. Matter: Its Properties and Measurement
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002
Matter: Its Properties and Measurement
CONTENTS
1 -1
The Scientific Method
1 -2
Properties of Matter
1 -3
Classification of Matter
1 -4
Measurement of Matter: SI (Metric) Units
1 -5
Density and Percent Composition: Their Use in Problem Solving
1 -6
Uncertainties in Scientific Measurements
1 -7
Significant Figures
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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3. 1 -1 The Scientific Method
Louis Pasteur ( ) developer of germ theory pasteurization of milk rabies vaccination Called the greatest physician of all time by some. He was a chemist by training and profession.
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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4. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Figure 1-1
The Scientific Method Illustrated
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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5. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
1 -2 Properties of Matter
Matter: Occupies Space, has mass and inertia Composition: Parts or components ex. H2O, 11.19% H and 88.81% O Properties: Distinguishing features physical and chemical properties
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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6. Physical properties of sulfur and copper
Figure 1-2
Physical properties of sulfur and copper
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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7. A chemical property of zinc and gold: reaction with hydrochloric acid
Figure 1-3
A chemical property of zinc and gold: reaction with hydrochloric acid
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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8. 1 -3 Classification of Matter
Matter is made of atoms. 114 elements. About 90% available from natural sources Compounds are comprised of two or more elements. Molecules are the smallest units of compounds.
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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9. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Homogenized milk is a heterogeneous mixture.
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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10. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Figure 1-4
A classification scheme for matter
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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11. Separating Mixtures: a physical process
Figure 1-5
Separating Mixtures: a physical process
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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12. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Figure 1-6
A chemical change: decomposition of ammonium dichromate
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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13. Macroscopic and microscopic views of matter
Chemistry 140 Fall 2002
Figure 1-7
Macroscopic and microscopic views of matter
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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14. 1 -4 The Measurement of Matter: SI (Metric) Units
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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15. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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16. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Mass
An electronic balance
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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17. A comparison of temperature scales
Figure 1-8
A comparison of temperature scales
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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18. Some metric volume units compared
Figure 1-9
Some metric volume units compared
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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19. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
SI Units
Length m
Mass kg
Time s
Temperature K
Quantity mol ×1023 mol−1
Derived Units
Velocity m s−1
Volume m L
L 1000 cm dm3
Force N kg m s −2
Pressure Pa kg m −1 s −2
Energy J kg m2 s −2
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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20. 1 -5 Density and Percent Composition: Their Use in Problem Solving
Density in Conversion Pathways
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25 inches on each side? inches Os → cm Os → cm3 Os → g Os
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21. Measuring Volume of an Irregular Object
Figure 1-10
Measuring Volume of an Irregular Object
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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22. 1 -6 Uncertainties in Scientific Measurements
Systematic errors.
Thermometer constantly 2ºC too low.
Random errors
Limitation in reading a scale.
Precision
Reproducibility of a measurement.
Accuracy
How close to the real value.
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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23. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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24. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
1 -7 Significant Figures
Figure 1-11
Determining the number of significant figures in a quantity
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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25. Significant figure rule in multiplication
The calculators show the effect of the change in a low precision
number (N) in a calculation × × N
N =
Figure 1-12
Significant figure rule in multiplication
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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26. General Chemistry: Chapter 1
End of Chapter
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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