1. Key Concept 3.3
Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences
Bret Baierlein – World History (AP)

2. Changes in trade networks resulted from, and stimulated, increasing productive capacity, with important impications.
Population growth
Urbanization
Strained environmental resources – dramatic demographic swings
New labor practices
Adaptation of existing patterns of free & coerced labor
Evolution of social and gender structures

3. I. Innovations stimulated Agricultural & Industrial Production in Many Regions
A. Agricultural production increased significantly due to technological innovations
1. Champa Rice
2. Chinampa field system
3. Waru Waru techniques
4. Terracing
Horse collar
B. Demand for foreign luxury goods increased in Afro-Eurasia
1. Chinese, Persian, & Indian artisans & merchants expanded their production
a) Textiles
b) Porcelain
2. Chinese production of iron & steel expanded.

4. II. The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks
Multiple factors contributed to the decline of urban areas in this period
Invasions
Disease
Decline of agricultural productivity
Multiple factors contributed to urban revival
Decline in warfare
Availability of safe & reliable transport
The rise of commerce
Warmer temperatures between
Increased agricultural productivity
Greater availability of labor

5. III. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations & family life.
Diversification of labor organization continued in this period
Free peasant agriculture
Nomadic pastoralism
Craft production & guild organization
Various forms of coerced & unfree labor
Slavery
Serfdom
Government-imposed labor taxes – mit’a
Conscription

6. Social structures shaped largely by class & caste hierarchies
III. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations & family life.
Social structures shaped largely by class & caste hierarchies
Patriarchy persisted
However, women exercised more authority in some areas
Mongols
West Africa & the Americas – gender parallelism
Japan
Southeast Asia

7. III. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations & family life.
New forms of coerced labor appeared
Serfdom
Europe
Japan
Mit’a in Incan Empire
Peasant revolts against increased dues & taxes
Demand for slaves increased – especially in central Eurasia, Africa, & Eastern Mediterranean
Military
Domestic

8. III. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations & family life.
The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, & Neoconfucianism often led to significant changes in gender relations and family structures
Divorce for both men AND women in some Muslim states.
Practice of foot binding in Song China