1. Medical Emergencies continued…..
Chapter 31 in Torres
Assignment: Fill in the blank and multiple choice in Chapter 31.
Test on medical emergencies
Review signs, symptoms, and treatments for all medical emergencies in M.D.A text.

2. Introduction
A medical emergency is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. Preventing an Emergency
Know Your Patient!
Have open communication
Have an updated medical history

4. Emergency Preparedness
Assigned Roles
Front Desk Staff 1. 2. 3.
Clinical Staff

5. Emergency Preparedness-cont’d
Dentist 1. 2.
Routine Drills
Training with mock emergency
Learn each other’s roles
Emergency Telephone Numbers
911
Local police
Local fire station
Emergency medical service
Where should emergency numbers be located within the office? ___________________________

6. Recognizing a Medical Emergency
Symptom:
Define-
Examples:
Sign:

7. Emergency Care Standards
Every member of the dental team must be current in: 1. 2. 3.

8. Emergency Care Standards
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
ABCDs of Basic Life Support: Define
A_______________________________________
B_______________________________________
C________________________________________________________________
D________________________
*2010 A-B-C order changed to C-A-B

9. Fig. 31-6 Standardized drug kit

10. Table 31-1 Drugs Used In Medical Emergencies

11. Emergency Responses Physical Changes Unconsciousness
Altered consciousness
Respiratory distress
Convulsions
Chest pain

12. Medical Emergencies Examples:
Oxygen is always in a _________ cylinder or tank and is always safe to administer to the unconscious patient.
All cells that make up the body require O2 and nutrients. Anytime there is a lack of either, the body will go into _____________.
Examples:
Heart attack
Loss of blood
Stroke
Respiratory disorders (asthma)
Diabetes (hyper- and hypoglycemia)
Postural hypotension
Allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock)
Septic (infection) Note: aseptic means without infection

13. Common Medical Emergencies
Syncope: A reduced blood flow to the brain causing the patient to lose consciousness. (fainting)
Psychologic factors: 1. 2. 3.
Physiologic factors: 4.
Treatment:
It is the most common medical emergency in the dental office and usually lasts 1-2 minutes.

14. Common Medical Emergencies
Postural Hypotension: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Treatment: 1. 2.
Acute Myocardial Infarction: Commonly referred to as a__________________; the muscles of the heart are damaged because sufficient oxygen is not able to reach them.

15. Cardiac Emergencies Treatment:
AnginaPectoris: ____________________________________________.
Pain from angina usually lasts __ to __ minutes.
Angina pain is relieved or eased promptly by the administration of a commonly prescribed drug,______________________.
Treatment: 1. 2. 3.

16. Cerebrovascular Accident
Stroke:____________________________
____________________________________.
Predisposing Diseases that can lead to a stroke. 1. 2. 3.

17. Breathing Problems Hyperventilation:_______________________________
______________________________________________. The patient will usually remain conscious. Commonly caused by__________, ____________, __________, etc.)
Treatment:
Have pt. breathe into___________or _______________, or place oxygen mask over their face, without turning oxygen on.
Bronchial Asthma: Attacks of sudden onset, during which the patient's airway narrows, causing difficulty in breathing as well as coughing and a wheezing sound.
Causes: 1. 2. 3.

18. Allergic Reactions
Allergy: An altered state of reactivity in body tissues in response to specific antigens. (foods, drugs, venom)
Antigen:
Antibodies:
Localized Allergic Response: Slow to develop with mild symptoms such as itching, erythema, and hives.
Anaphylaxis:__________________________________________________________________. Symptoms include:__________, _____________, _________,__________, _____________
Pt. May have a shortness of breath or loss of breath due to swelling of the larynx & obstruction of the airway. Skin will turn a bluish color.
Treatment: 1. 2. 3. 4.
What can these patients do to let others know of their conditions

19. Epileptic Seizures
A neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures.
Petit Mal Seizure:___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Grand Mal Seizure:__________________________________________
Phase 1: ______________________
Phase 2: ______________________
Phase 3: ______________________
Phase 4: ______________________
Treatment: 1. 2. 3. 4.

20. Diabetes Mellitus Define diabetes:
Hyperglycemia: An abnormal __________in the glucose (sugar) level in the blood resulting in:
_____________________
Signs: 1)__________, 2)____________, & 3) ______________________________

21. Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemia: An abnormal ____________in the glucose level in the blood due to:
__________________________
Hypoglycemia may progress into_____________________.
The patient may become unconscious due to too much insulin and not enough food.
Signs: 1) ________), 2)___________, 3)_________, 4)__________, 5) ______________ may have a wet, sticky skin
Patient should be reminded to eat before dental appointment.
Treatment:
__________________________________________________
See diagram 31-11

22. Additional medical emergencies:
Cardiogenic shock-_______________
Patient has severe pain.
Treatment:
Sit pt. Upright
Administer 100% oxygen
Call their physician

23. Additional medical emergencies:
Pulmonary arrest- patient is not breathing.
Treatment:
Call 911
Begin artificial ventilation
Drug addiction-
How do you handle patients seeking prescription pain medications?

24. Additional medical emergencies:
Hemorrhage-
These patients usually require many blood transfusions, are at high risk for AIDS.
Special care is required prior to treatment.
Treatment:
Clotting time assessment
Replacement of blood factors missing
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy
Should have hepatitis B vaccine

25. Coagulant- an agent that promotes the clotting of blood
Hemostatic drugs (clotting aids):
Gelfoam- sponge placed in the alveolar socket
Oxycel- placed dry into the socket
Surgicel- guaze square placed into the socket
Tannic acid- found in tea. Wet tea bag, place in 2x2 gauze and bite firmly

26. Documentation of an Emergency
Full documentation of an emergency is essential.
Include in the patient record: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.