1. Immigrants and Urbanization
Chapter 7

2. The New Immigrants Old: from Western Europe
England, France, Holland, Ireland
New: from Eastern & Southern Europe
Italy, Poland, Russia

3. Arrive at Ellis Island to be checked Come for a number of reasons:
Religious freedom, flee oppression, better life
Millions come in a very short time
Immigrants are no longer protestant, but Jewish and Catholic (Big Problem!!!)

4. Immigration to the U S

5. Ellis Island

6. Arriving at Ellis Island

7. Statue of Liberty

8. Immigrants at Ellis Island

9. Health Check at Ellis

10. Chinese & Japanese Angel Island
Chinese came originally for the gold rush
Congress curbs immigration in 1882
Came originally to work in Hawaii

11. Angel Island

14. Immigrant Life Looked down on (language/ religion)
Got help from political machines
Nativism begins:
The hatred of anything foreign

15. Irving Berlin

16. Nativism Wanted historically free, energetic, and progressive peoples
Best stock were British, Scandinavian, and German
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Gentleman’s Agreement

17. Nativism Chinese

18. Americanization movement
Assimilate immigrants into society
Teach skills to become a citizen

19. Movement to the Cities 200,000 African-Americans move North or West
Farmers needed less workers

20. The Poor and Nameless Many worries: Horrible housing
Food, housing, jobs, money
10% had 90% of the money supply
Horrible housing
Very expensive
Tenements: no lighting, fresh air, or room. Lots of diseases

24. Solution to housing Problem:
“Dumbbell” tenements
Had air shafts which = major fire hazards and horrible smells.

25. City Problems Housing Sanitation Water Transportation Crime
Fire (Chicago Fire of 1871)

26. City transportation

28. Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906

32. Charities and Aid
Pushed the government to make changes in housing, work conditions, etc…
Settlement Houses:
Jane Addams-Hull House in Chicago

33. Jane Addams

39. Political Machines Tweed Ring: William Marcy Tweed
Senator, leader of Tammany Hall
$200 million of tax money disappeared
Kicked out in 1872

40. Debt goes from $36-$97 million in one year M.O.
Pay for votes
Rig elections
“Vote the graveyards”

41. William Marcy Tweed

45. Civil Service Reform Patronage was a huge problem
Reformers v. Stalwarts
Pendelton Civil Service Act
Big Business puts a lot of pressure on the government

46. Life at the Turn of the Century
Chapter 8

47. The Rise of the Cities
Engineering innovations change the look of the cities
Skyscrapers change the skyline
Wainright in St. Louis
Flatiron in New York

49. Home Insurance Building

50. Chicago skyline

52. New suspension bridges
New planned parks
New city planning designs

53. Brooklyn Bridge 1883

55. Central Park New York City

57. New Technologies New Printing methods Creation of the airplane
Print on both sides at the same time
Literacy up around 90%
Creation of the airplane
Affordable hand held camera
Rolls of film instead of glass plates

63. Education Mandated children go to school @ certain times
Kindergarten created
High Schools expand
Immigrants encouraged to go to school

64. Less than 1% of African-Americans attended high school
Immigrants were encouraged to go to school
Americanize them
Parochial schools
Adult and night schools

65. Black Colleges: Women’s Colleges Business schools Howard Univ.
Smith (1871) Bryn Mawr (1880)
Business schools
Wharton U. of PA

66. City Life Department stores pop up.
Section 3
City Life
Department stores pop up.
A & P (1869) Macy’s (1858)
Woolworth’s (1879) Ward’s (1872) Sears
Major advertising everywhere. (billboards etc…)
Yellow journalism

67. Leisure Time Watch sporting events Ride bicycles Theater
Baseball (Cincinnati Red Stockings ,1869)
Ride bicycles
Theater
Circus, Vaudeville, Burlesque