1. The Challenges of Urbanization
USH
The Challenges of Urbanization

2. Urban Opportunities
Technological boom contributed to growing strength of US
Urbanization
Growth of cities
Immigrants came to cities for jobs
Americanization Movement – assimilation of wide ranging groups into American culture

3. Urban Opportunities
Rapid improvements in farm tech. helped some people
Others couldn’t compete
Loss of farms or merge w/others
Out of work farmers move to cities
Blacks migrated from South
Escape racial violence, economic hardship, & pol. oppression
Found North had segregation & racial tension

4. Urban Problems
How to provide residents w/ needed services & safe living conditions
Housing
Multifamily tenements
Overcrowded & unsanitary
Packed many families into as little space as possible

5. Dumbbell Tenement Plan
Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC

6. Tenement Slum Living

7. Urban Growth:

8. 5-Cent Lodgings

9. Men’s Lodgings

10. Women’s Lodgings

12. Urban Problems Transportation Water Dev. of mass transit
Large # of people along fixed routes
Street cars & subways
Water
Little safe drinking water
Seldom had indoor plumbing
Introduction of filtration & chlorinization
Early 20th cent – no access to safe drinking water

15. Urban Problems Sanitation Crime Fire
1900 – many cities had developed sewer lines & created sanitation depts
Crime
Pop goes up – so does crime
Fire
Limited water supply & wood dwellings heated by kerosene & oil lamps – huge destructive fires

17. Reformers Mobilize Social Gospel Movement Settlement Houses
“Christianity in Action”
Preached salvation thru service to poor
Settlement Houses
Community centers in slum neighborhoods
Assistance to immigrants
Provided educational, social, & cultural services
Jane Addams – very influential
Est. Hull House in Chicago

19. Safe drink’g Water
Row houses
Water
Chlorinization
Housing
Tenements
filtration
Packing single family homes
Indoor plumbing
Urban
Problems
Crime
Sewer lines
Sanitation
Municipal Issues
Sanitation Depts.
Fire