1. INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING Mick Boothroyd Trainer/Interview Advisor.

2. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Objectives Identify what an interview is and the principles we apply. Identify what an interview is and the principles we apply. Examine and interpret the PEACE model of interviewing. Examine and interpret the PEACE model of interviewing. Use gap analysis throughout the interview process. Use gap analysis throughout the interview process. Understand Understand The methods of interviewing The methods of interviewing Questioning styles Questioning styles Importance of Effective listening Importance of Effective listening Need to record interviews accurately Need to record interviews accurately

3. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED An Interview What is an Interview? What is an Interview? “A conversation with a purpose” “A conversation with a purpose” Every encounter during an investigation could be an interview! Every encounter during an investigation could be an interview! Deal with it properly “If it isn’t written down, it didn’t happen” Deal with it properly “If it isn’t written down, it didn’t happen”

4. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Principles Within the Police interviewing process we apply Principles Within the Police interviewing process we apply Principles There are 7 devised by the IISG (Investigative Interview Strategy Group) updated in 2007. There are 7 devised by the IISG (Investigative Interview Strategy Group) updated in 2007. We can apply some of these to any interview We can apply some of these to any interview To obtain accurate and reliable accounts about matters under investigation. To obtain accurate and reliable accounts about matters under investigation. Must act fairly, vulnerable people must be treated with particular consideration at all times. Must act fairly, vulnerable people must be treated with particular consideration at all times. Investigative interviewing, approached with investigative mindset, accounts obtained should be tested against what is known or can be established. Investigative interviewing, approached with investigative mindset, accounts obtained should be tested against what is known or can be established. When conducting an interview, investigators are free to ask a wide range of questions in order to obtain material which may assist the investigation. When conducting an interview, investigators are free to ask a wide range of questions in order to obtain material which may assist the investigation.

5. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Other Principles relating to Suspects Acknowledge early admission Acknowledge early admission Still ask Questions even if not answering them Still ask Questions even if not answering them Not bound to accept the first answer given* Not bound to accept the first answer given*

6. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED P.E.A.C.E. A process of interviewing acknowledged by the judiciary. So what does it mean? A process of interviewing acknowledged by the judiciary. So what does it mean? P - Plan and Prepare P - Plan and Prepare E- Engage and Explain E- Engage and Explain A- Account/Question/Clarify/Challenge A- Account/Question/Clarify/Challenge C- Closure C- Closure E- Evaluation E- Evaluation

7. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Plan and Preparation “Failing to plan, planning to fail” “Failing to plan, planning to fail” About the interview process:- About the interview process:- Why - Purpose of interviews, apply principles Why - Purpose of interviews, apply principles Who – Agreement, fit to be interviewed Who – Agreement, fit to be interviewed How, when and where - Working practices/ Considerations/ Methodology How, when and where - Working practices/ Considerations/ Methodology What - Aims/Intentions/ Specific Objectives to this person - ~Your topics & their account~. What - Aims/Intentions/ Specific Objectives to this person - ~Your topics & their account~. Issues for introduction – what impact will they have Issues for introduction – what impact will they have

8. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Plan and Prep using Gap Analysis About the matter under investigation (apply 5WH) About the matter under investigation (apply 5WH) What – I am investigating What – I am investigating Where – The locations relevant to the issue under investigation Where – The locations relevant to the issue under investigation When – The material time frame When – The material time frame Who – The persons of interest witness/victim/ perpetrator Who – The persons of interest witness/victim/ perpetrator How – The Modus Operandi (Method of operating) How – The Modus Operandi (Method of operating) Why – MOTIVE! Why – MOTIVE!

9. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Engage and Explain Explanation of process Explanation of process Your actions Your actions Their actions Their actions Rapport building Rapport building Know them Know them Do not make unintentional disclosures Do not make unintentional disclosures Record what you disclose Record what you disclose Be aware of what they have already said/disclosed and ensure it is recorded. (Significant deal with it!) Be aware of what they have already said/disclosed and ensure it is recorded. (Significant deal with it!)

10. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Account – Clarification Explanation Challenge ACCOUNT - ACCOUNT - Opening question - (Gives direction to method of questioning) Opening question - (Gives direction to method of questioning) First account (listen, gurgle, record) First account (listen, gurgle, record) acknowledge through Summary acknowledge through Summary Break down topic Break down topic Explore to detail important information Explore to detail important information Summary- empty the cup – allows you to place account in memory Summary- empty the cup – allows you to place account in memory No gaps No gaps Incident/Investigation Incident/Investigation Ask questions Ask questions Control relevance Review relevance Review objectives Introduce own topics if not covered in witness account Questioning style Free recall, conversation management, cognitive (see Later) Clarify/Explain/ challenge omission. inconsistency. Documentation Breaks

11. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Method of interview (Obtaining an Account) The type of interview conducted will be driven by two issues The type of interview conducted will be driven by two issues The individual being interviewed The individual being interviewed The interviewer The interviewer This will lead to the interview being conducted in the following methods or elements of each This will lead to the interview being conducted in the following methods or elements of each Conversation management Conversation management Cognitive Cognitive Free recall Free recall

12. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Response to question (Account) FREE RECALL FREE RECALL “I was at the train station obtaining my ticket from a machine, I was with John, at that time I had my wallet in my hand and had my credit card in the machine, / suddenly / someone pushed me from behind and I fell forward,/ I put my hands up to stop myself and this person / grabbed my wallet from my hand and ran off out of the gate.” “I was at the train station obtaining my ticket from a machine, I was with John, at that time I had my wallet in my hand and had my credit card in the machine, / suddenly / someone pushed me from behind and I fell forward,/ I put my hands up to stop myself and this person / grabbed my wallet from my hand and ran off out of the gate.” CONVERSATION MANAGEMENT “Someone stole my wallet.”

13. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Closure Review account Review account Change alter or add anything Change alter or add anything Everything covered Everything covered Tell them what is happening Tell them what is happening What you are doing What you are doing Set up next interview if necessary Set up next interview if necessary Identify issues Identify issues Do not leave with uncertainty Do not leave with uncertainty

14. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Evaluation Review Plan Review Plan Review interview Review interview Review product Review product Look at the elements along side each other Look at the elements along side each other What was What was Good Good Poor Poor Could be improved Could be improved Could have been done differently Could have been done differently Be honest with yourself and others Be honest with yourself and others What enquiries are needed What enquiries are needed

15. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Types of Questions Do ask Do ask TED TED Open (specific 5WH filling those gaps) Open (specific 5WH filling those gaps) Closed (specific) Closed (specific) Forced choice Forced choice Don’t ask Don’t ask Multiple Multiple Leading Leading Suggestive/hypothetical Suggestive/hypothetical Accusatory Accusatory

16. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Effective Listening An essential Skill An essential Skill You can ask the best questions in the world, but if you don’t listen to the answers, they ain’t no good! You can ask the best questions in the world, but if you don’t listen to the answers, they ain’t no good! Often too focussed on task and next question, resulting in failure to listen to what is being said! You miss that golden nugget as it rolls out the room!! Often too focussed on task and next question, resulting in failure to listen to what is being said! You miss that golden nugget as it rolls out the room!!

17. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Recording the interview – Written This is the product of the interview not the purpose This is the product of the interview not the purpose It is how you present the information account obtained in the interview It is how you present the information account obtained in the interview From the account given within the interview and notes taken prepare and present the report/statement. REMEMBER “It is their words not yours”. From the account given within the interview and notes taken prepare and present the report/statement. REMEMBER “It is their words not yours”. They may have to give this information at tribunal or other hearing - not you, do not influence what they are saying by what you are saying. They may have to give this information at tribunal or other hearing - not you, do not influence what they are saying by what you are saying. Don’t forget the notes can be unused material for any subsequent Police investigation Don’t forget the notes can be unused material for any subsequent Police investigation

18. NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED Questions? Questions?