1. Railway Station  Any place on a railway line where traffic is booked and dealt with and/or  Where an “Authority to Proceed” is given to the train  Consists of platform next to the track and a station building

2. PURPOSE OF A RAILWAY STATION A Railway Station is provided for one or more of the following purposes: I.To entrain or to detrain the passengers II.To load or off load the goods or parcels III.To control the movement of trains IV.To enable the trains to cross each other in case of single line section V.To enable the faster trains to overtake the slower trains. VI.To enable the locomotives to take fuel, water or coal. VII.To attach or detach coaches or wagons to and from the trains. VIII.To collect food and water for the passengers. IX. To provide facilities for change of engines and crew/staff. X.To enable sorting out of wagons and bogies to form new trains. XI.To provide facilities for the staff of the passengers in case of emergencies like floods and accident'; etc. when traffic is disrupted.

3. FACILITIES REQUIRED AT RAILWAY STATIONS  Passenger requirements: enquiry office and reservation office platforms and platform sheds Waiting rooms & retiring rooms refreshment rooms and tea stalls bath rooms and toilets drinking water supply arrangements approach roads  Traffic requirements: Station buildings, Station Master's office and other offices Signal cabins Goods sheds and goods platforms Reception and departure lines and sidings Brake down trains and arrangements for the same etc.

4. FACILITIES REQUIRED AT RAILWAY STATIONS  Loco, Carriage and Wagon requirements: Loco Shed Watering or fueling facilities Inspection pits, etc.  Staff requirements: Rest houses for officers and staff Running rooms for guards and drivers Staff canteens etc.

5.  Based on Operational considerations  Based on Earning considerations  Based on Functional considerations

6. Classification of station yards based on Operational Considerations Railway Station Block station A ClassB Class C Class (Block Hut) Non- Block Station Flag station (Halt) DK station No Signals Bet two Blk. stns Serves outlying siding Small crossing station Big crossing station

7. Block Section and Block station  Entire railway line is divided into convenient block sections say 5 to 10 kms  Train Driver has to obtain an “Authority to Proceed” to enter the next block section  Block Station is provided at the end of each block section.  Block Stations are equipped with signals which demarcate the limits of Block section

8.  Category ‘A’  Annual Passenger earnings > Rs. 6 Crores  Category ‘B’  Annual Passenger earnings from Rs. 3 Crores to Rs. 6 Crores  Category ‘C’  All Suburban stations  Category ‘D’  Annual Passenger earnings from Rs. 1 Crore to Rs. 3 Crores  Category ‘E’  Annual Passenger earnings fless than Rs. 1 Crore  Category ‘F’  Halt stations Classification of station yards based on Earnings Considerations

9. Classifications based on Functional considerations  Halts  Simplest kind of stopping place for a train  Has a RL PF, Name board on either end.  Small waiting room – cum – booking office  No yard/stn. Bldg/staff  Flag stations  More important than halt  Has station building and staff  No arrangements to control movement of trains  Provided with small waiting hall and booking office  Platforms with benches  Drinking water arrangements

10.  Way-side or Crossing stations Movement of trains is controlled Consists of Station building, Through line(s), Loop line(s), PF(s), Goods Loop(s) and Goods Platform(s)  Junction stations Trains from three or more directions meet FOBs for crossing tracks. Ex: Secunderabad, Vijayawada, Kazipet etc.  Terminals The station at which a railway line terminates Access for all PFs from concourse Ex: Hyderabad, Chennai Central, Mumbai Central etc Classifications based on Functional considerations

11. Yard  Complex series of tracks for receiving, dispatching, stabling, sorting, loading/unloading of trains/coaches  Many tracks in parallel to main running line  Consists of track, points and crossings, signals, OHE masts, Bridges etc.

12. Points and Crossing  Special arrangement on track for enabling trains to divert from one track to another  Consists of Points (Switches), Crossing, Lead Rails, Stock rails  Denoted by Crossing angle or Crossing Number (i.e., 1-in-8 ½, 1-in-12, 1-in-16 etc.

13. Turnout  Connection between two parallel track with one Complete set of points-and-crossings at one end

16. Cross-over  Connection between two parallel tracks with one Complete set of points-and-crossings at two ends Cross over length = 2A+D.cot(α) where A= For 1 in 8.5  12.025m ; For 1 in 12  16.989m; For 1 in 16  20.970m; α= Angle of crossing and cot (α)= Crossing Number i.e., 8 ½, 12 or 16

17.  Top Point  Outer most point on the Main Line  Yard Limit 50m from top point on either end of yard  Points and crossings 1-in-8 ½ on Goods lines 1-in-12 on passenger lines 1-in-8 ½ with Curved Switches in exceptional cases due to space constraint  Speed on Turnouts 1-in-8 ½ straight switches 10 kmph for passenger line 15 kmph for goods line 1-in-8 ½ curved switches – 15 kmph 1-in-12 – 15 kmph

18. Turnouts taking of from Curved tracks Similar Flexure  Both tracks deflect in the same direction  Resultant Degree of curvature, D= Ds+Dm  D > 350

19. Turnouts taking of from Curved tracks Contrary Flexure  Both tracks deflect in the opposite direction  Resultant Degree of curvature, D= Ds-Dm  D > 350

20. Single line

24. Double line

27. Emergency Cross-overs in Double line -Provided at the end of yard -Provide in reverse direction in adjacent stations -Will be used in case of accidents/floods/damage to one track

28. SPACING OF TRACKS THIRD LINE - 7.80M

29.  FM to be located where the distance between two tracks begins to reduce from 4265m.  This is placed to avoid side-collision of two trains on converging adjacent tracks  Made of stone or concrete blocks and painted in black and white

30. CLEAR STANDING ROOM (CSR)  It is the maximum length of train which can be accommodated on a line in the yard with safety.  Also known as Clear Standing Length (CSL)  Directional line - From foot of SIGNAL to FM or SIGNAL to TS SIGNAL to Buffer Stop whichever is minimum  Bi-Directional line or Common Loop - From SIGNAL to SIGNAL  Minimum Length - 686m with 2 Locos - 715m with 3 Locos - 732m with 4 Locos

32. -Denotes the change of grade -Marked with gradients on either side -Should be located 30m away from Points or Crossings -No change of grade in Points & crossings location -Should not be located in Transition portion of curve

34. -Curve Length = Π.R. ∆/180 (TP1 to TP2) -Tangent Length = R tan (∆ /2) -Transition curve is provided on equally on either side of TP -No Gradient post in Transition portion of curve -Either points or crossings should be located 20m outside of transition

35.  Provided to safe guard the main running line traffic from the trains on loops  Provided in the form of Sand Humps, Over shoot lines, Trap/Derailing Switches  Sand hump  Best form of isolation  Standard length is 107m  1-in-8 ½ SS is provided  Allows simultaneous reception facility  Any structure i.e., bldg, bridge, LC etc. to be more than 30m away from end of sand hump

36.  Overshoot line  Provided when sand hump cannot be provided due to space constraint  Standard length is 120m from foot of signal  Can be used for extending the line  Allows simultaneous reception facility  Any structure i.e., bldg, bridge, LC etc. to be more than 30m away from end of sand hump  Trap Switch / Derailing Switch Provided in the rear portion of loop line One rail is split

37.  Engineering Scaled Plan  Shows all the features of yard i.e., existing and proposed  Drawn to 1:1000 scale  As per guide lines of Engg. Code, Works manual and PCE’s circulars  It is the basis for SIP (Signal Interlocking Plan)

38.  Agency wise processing of ESPs: Division : Approved by all the Divisional authorities incl. DRM At HQ, CTPM & CE/P&D Construction : all concerned authorities of construction organisation Approved by all the Divisional authorities incl. DRM At HQRS. - CTPM & CE/P&D RVNL/RITES : Approved by all the Divisional authorities incl. DRM all concerned authorities of construction organisation. At HQRS. - CTPM & CE/P&D

39.  Processing at HQrs. ESP is Scrutinised  as per the latest check list issued in 2017  IRSOD 2004 and its correction slips  IRPWM  Circulars issued by Railway Board  Circulars issued by PCE, CTE, CE/TM etc.  Circulars issued by CTPM, CSTE etc. Checking of DATA  Checked w.r.t. Working Time Table, System Map, Index Section and Yard Diagram booklets  TMS  Layout Calculations

40.  Private Sidings Siding drawings are prepared in two sheets Sheet 1 shows – take-off point from main yard Sheet 2 shows – In plant layout  Track Machine Sidings Provided at every alternate stations Distance between adjacent TM sidings < 30 km Single spur of 300m or 2 spurs of 150m each HL PF for 60m, Engg. Tool room, watering facilities etc.  Ballast siding - 300m length minimum  PQRS Sidings- At least 3 spurs of 500m each

41.  CATCH SIDING Provided where gradient of 1 in 80 falling towards the station Length – Length of longest train  SLIP SIDING Provided where gradient of 1 in 100 falling away from the station Length – 120m

42. PLATFORM Platform Length – Length of longest passenger train (excl. engine booked to stop) Minimum Radius of curve – 875m (Max 2 Degrees)