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CELLULAR REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS ONEIL VIDAL-8DAGOHOY When you look at your parents.you can see features that you share with them such as the shape of the eye,the presence of dimples,or even the hand you use when you write.The sharing of features can be explained by heredity,where traits are passed one fron parents to offspring.
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Yet when you look at your brothers and sisters,even if you share the same parents,each one of you can be considered unique based on the combination of traits each possesses.That is variation,which demonstrates differences among individuals.
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Genetics is the study of heredity and variation.It aims to understand how traits can be passed on the next generation and how variation arises. Every living thing undergoes reproduction.The nutrients taken by an individual will provide for energy for metabolic processes,for growth and development as well as reproduction.The cellular level of reproduction,in the form of cell division,provides for the backdrop for organismal level of reproduction.
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This module will defferentiate the two types of cell division Mitosis and Meiosis,as well as correlate heredity with the behavior of the chromosomes in the mechanisms of heredity and the expression of traits.
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THE CHROMOSOME All living things contain what we call the genetic material that serves as the set of instruction that direct the activities and functions of the cell these genetic materials,also known as the deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA,passed on from one generations to the next to ensure the continuity of life,In eukaryotic cells(cells with organelles).the DNA are bound with proteins and re organized as beads on strings to form Chromosomes(Figure 1)
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The number of chromosomes in a cell is characteristic6 of the species to which it belongs.For example,humans have 46 chromosomes while rice 12.Table 1 summarizes the chromosome number of some common organisms.
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Organisms Chromosome number ● Saccharomyces cerevisiae 32 (common yeast) ● Caenorhabbdites elegans 12 (roundworm) ● Drosophila melanogaster 8 (fruit fly) ● Canis lupus familiaris 52 (dog) ● Homo sapiens 46 (man) ● Arabidopsis thaliana 10 (mouse ear cress) ● Oryza sativa 24 (rice) ● Zea mays (corn) 20
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