1. Bell work
Please collect a vocab sheet from the basket at the front of the classroom. Begin filling out using your textbooks & the pages provided on the vocab sheet. We will start in 8 minutes!!!

2. The Progressive Era

3. The Rise of Progressivism
Early 1900s - Rapid growth of cities and industry during the Industrial Revolution created many problems within society
Social and political reform movements organized to solve these problems
Became known as Progressivism

4. A variety of reformers tried to clean up problems created during the Gilded Age
Promote social welfare
Industrialization led to a rise in urbanization, immigration, poverty, and dangerous working conditions
Expand democracy
City, state, and federal governments were seen as corrupt
Create economic reform
Corporate monopolies limited competition and workers’ wages and social reformers wanted to stop this

5. Writers Expose Corruption
Muckrakers – journalists who helped the Progressive Movement by exposing the “muck” or corruption in society
Their articles fueled public demand for reform (think back to Jacob Riis & the tenements)
Theodore Roosevelt gave them this name

6. Government Reform
Patronage – the practice of giving government jobs in exchange for political support
Progressives wanted jobs to go to qualified workers
Pendleton Civil Service Act, 1883
Federal law that said government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation and also prevented termination for political reasons
Required exams for some
government jobs

7. Expanding Democracy
Direct Primary – election that allows voters to choose candidates for public office
direct accountability for public officials
Other Reforms:
Initiative: voters may directly propose laws
Referendum: voters can approve proposed laws
Recall: elected officials can be voted out of office

8. Creating Economic Reform
Progressives wanted to limit the power of big businesses and regulate activities
Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890
Made it illegal to seize control of a business by creating a trust
Not enforced by government at first

9. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
A born reformer
Known for fighting corruption in politics
Turned his fight into policy…
The Square Deal

10. ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL
Roosevelt felt government’s purpose was to ensure fairness or a “square deal”
Began reforming by enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act
Successfully dissolved the Standard Oil Company, railroad, and tobacco trusts

11. Protecting Consumers
Roosevelt’s attention was turned to the meat-packing industry after reading Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle
Created reforms that raised standards for products sold to consumers

13. Food Reforms Meat Inspection Act
Created government inspection program to guarantee safe, sanitary meat
Pure Food and Drug Act
Required product labels listing ingredients
Prohibited the exaggeration of benefits
These acts in turn end up promoting
overall Social Reform

14. Conserving Natural Resources
Roosevelt supported conservation and controlled use of natural resources
Created the US Forest Service

16. The grudge…
What did they call journalists who helped the Progressive Movement by exposing the corruption in society?
Muckrakers
This act made it illegal to seize control of a business by creating a trust.
The Sherman Antitrust Act
Roosevelt’s attention was turned to the meat-packing industry after reading Upton Sinclair’s novel called ____________.
The Jungle

17. Socialism Emerges
Some progressives, disturbed by problems created as a result of capitalism, turned to socialism
Socialism: system in
which the government
controls the economy

18. William Howard Taft (1908-1913)
Continued Roosevelt’s attacks on trusts
Broke up twice as many as Roosevelt
The 16th & 17th Amendments were passed during his term
Taft and Roosevelt disagreed on the issue of Conservation

19. Progressive Amendments
16th Amendment – gave Congress the power to create Federal Income Tax
Intent was to spread the cost of running the government to many people
New source of federal revenue
17th Amendment – gave voters the right to directly elect senators
Eliminated some corruption

20. Woodrow Wilson ( )
The Clayton Antitrust Act and Federal Reserve Act passed during his term
The Clayton Act served to lesson competition and further prohibit monopolies while the Federal Reserve Act served to increase federal revenue

21. Financial Reforms Federal Reserve Act – created modern banking
Ensures money is distributed where it is needed
Created a more flexible currency system by allowing banks to control the money supply
Lowered interest rate for banks
They can borrow more and then lend more
Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914
More restrictions on practices that lessoned competition
Gave government more power to regulate trusts
Allowed unions to expand
Legalized strikes

22. Changes in Society

23. Prohibition
Prohibition – the ban on the production and sale of alcohol
18th Amendment, 1919
Made Prohibition law
Repealed by the 21st Amendment
Bootleg sale of alcohol increased organized crime

25. New Roles for Women Women had time to pursue new opportunities as:
Family size decreased
New inventions made housework quicker
Opportunities outside the house
Telephone operator
Store clerk
Typist
Teaching
Nursing

26. SUFFRAGE – THE RIGHT TO VOTE
National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Worked towards women’s suffrage
Focused attention at state level
19th Amendment, 1920
Women gained full voting rights

27. Women Who Made a Difference
Jane Addams
Hull House, helped new immigrants and unemployed
Provided day care, kindergarten classes, after-school clubs
Carry Nation
Campaigned for prohibition using dramatic methods
Saw the dangerous effects of alcoholism first hand
Susan B. Anthony
Fought hard for women’s rights, 2nd president of NAWSA
Once fired for complaining that she earned less than a man who did the same job she did
Carrie Chapman Catt
President of NAWSA, supported Wilson in hopes of his support for women’s suffrage