1. Results and discussion
The effect of injection hatching eggs with different levels and different ages of Riboflavin (B2) in blood cellular traits of broiler chicken subsequent (Arbor Acres)
Salwan M. Abdulateef . Mohammed AL-Bayar
Animal Resources Department, College Of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University, Iraq.
Introduction
1- (To) : control group (without injection)
2- (T1): injection eggs with 0.1 ml of dilution consist of 68 µg of Riboflavin at age of zero.
3- (T2): injection eggs with 0.1 ml of dilution consist of 58 µg of Riboflavin at age of zero
4- (T3): injection eggs with 0.1 ml of dilution consist of 68 µg of Riboflavin at age of 18 days of incubation.
5- (T4): injection eggs with 0.1 ml of dilution consist of 58 µg of Riboflavin at age of 18 days of incubation.
Egg candling were conducted to determine the Amnion sac for making the second injection (18 day of egg incubation), and the injection surface were sterilized by antiseptic (Dettol) before injection. The pores were closed by using Dye pedicures (Mahmood, 2010).Blood were collected in 1, 28 and 42 day of broiler old, by collected from 15 bird for each treatment, by using 5 birds from each treatment randomly. Blood were collected from jocular vein by using (K3.EDTA) tubes. PCV were tested by using EDTA Capillary tubes according to Archer method (Archer, 1956). Egg were incubated in (AFLO) mark setter by distribute the groups randomly. After completing hatching, chicks were distributed randomly into treatments by using 3 replicates for each treatment, 27 as hatched chick for every replicate. Chicks fed Ad libitum for 49 day. Haemoglobin Conc. Had been tested by converted it to Cyanomethemoglobin by using Drakbins reagent (Varley et al, 1980). The count of RBC and WBC were tested as (Natt and Herrick, 1952).This experiment were carried by using Complete Randomized Design (C.R.D). and the the DATA were analyzed by using SAS program for statistical analyzing (SAS, 2001). The means for each treatments were compared by using Duncan's polynomial by using 0.05 and 0.01 significance level To determine significant differences between the averages (Duncan, 1955)
Results and discussion
Riboflavin plays a key role in the metabolism of the organism as a source of flavin mononucleotide. Riboflavin deficiency usually occurs in chickens at the age of 24 weeks. When riboflavin level in chicken egg is lower than 60 µg then embryo mortality increase and problems with hatching are observed (Vegad. 2008). Embryo death occurs suddenly, about 13th day of incubation,( Lee and White 1996). Riboflavin support the normal growth and assists in the synthesis of steroids, red blood cells, and glycogen. Riboflavin also aids the body in absorbing iron, since it is common for iron deficiency to accompany a deficiency in riboflavin.( John. 2004).
Keywords:
Egg Injection, Riboflavin, Hatching eggs, blood cellular traits , Broiler chicken
The results showed As in the table (1, 2 & 3) that treated the eggs with Riboflavin resulted to significant increasing (P<0.05) in Packed cell volume (PCV) for treatment (T2) at chicken age 42 days. significant increasing (P<0.05) in Hemoglobin (Hb) , Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) for most Riboflavin treatments compared with T0. Volker (2007) indicated to that riboflavin is working to support normal growth and promote the building of steroids and red blood cells and glycogen, as it works FAD to interact with groups of enzymes Flavoproteins, (Fang, et al. 2002).
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of injecting hatching eggs with different concentrations & ages of riboflavin to blood cellular traits of broiler chicken subsequent.
References
1: Fang Y.Z; Yang S, Wu G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 18(10):
2: John N Vitamin and Minerals. 2nd Edition, Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN).Part 1: Page:
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5: Volker, S Vitamin Basics The Facts about Vitamins in Nutrition. 3rd edition. Burger Druck, Waldkirch, Germany
6: Bhanja, S. K., A. B. Mandal and T. S. Johri, Standrazation of injection site, needle length, embryonic age and concentration of amino acids for in ova injection in broiler breeder eggs. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 39:
7: Archer , R.K., Hematological Techniques for use on Animals . Blackwell scientific publications Oxford .
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9: Natt.M.P. and C.A.Herrick.,1952.Anew blood diluents for counting the erythrocytes of the chicken.,Poult.Sci.,31:
10: SAS, Institute SAS User's Guide: Statistics Version 7.0 ,SAS Institute,inc., Cary, Nc.
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12: Mahmood, Salwan
Materials and methods
This study was conducted at the Poultry field in Abu Ghraib region for the period from 2 December 2009 to 23 December 2009 and from 23 December 2009 to 2 February 2010 to study the effect of injection hatching eggs with different levels of riboflavin. 495 egg had been Collected from Arbor Acres breeders (53 week old). Egg had been divided into 5 groups, each one contained from about 99 eggs, and every one of this group sub-divided into 3 replicate, every replicate consist of 33 egg. Eggs were injected by using automatic syringe that used for oil vaccination by using needle 25 millimeter(Bhanja et al, 2004). The eggs were injected from the wide side by making 13mlm pore in the air sac then every egg injected by 0.1 of Riboflavin fluid (Lantex CO. Ltd, Germany) as follow:
Table days
Table2. (7) days
Table 1. (3) days
yolk
embryo weight
Shell
Albumin
pairs of somites
vascular region
(mm)
embryo length
Treatments
21.410.51 a
27.330.62 b
11.670.33 ab
25.570.71
1.100.04 c
38.201.08
10.570.38
9.00  0.50 T0
21.340.42
27.390.59
11.310.35
16.750.59
2.03 0.07
39.200.30
10.500.42
9.90 0.64 T1
19.100.20
39.100.60
10.140.22
16.760.64
2.980.04
40.730.50
12.23 0.45
11.16 0.68 T2 *
Significant
T0 = ​​control treatment (no injection), T1 = 68 µg injection Riboflavin/egg age zero, T2 = 58 µg Riboflavin Injection / zero-old egg * Different lowercase letters within a column indicate significant differences at the level of probability (P <0.05) Average  standard error
Table days
Table2. (7) days
Table 1. (3) days
yolk
embryo weight
Shell
Albumin
pairs of somites
vascular region
(mm)
embryo length
Treatments
21.410.51 a
27.330.62 b
11.670.33 ab
25.570.71
1.100.04 c
38.201.08
10.570.38
9.00  0.50 T0
21.340.42
27.390.59
11.310.35
16.750.59
2.03 0.07
39.200.30
10.500.42
9.90 0.64 T1
19.100.20
39.100.60
10.140.22
16.760.64
2.980.04
40.730.50
12.23 0.45
11.16 0.68 T2 *
Significant
T0 = ​​control treatment (no injection), T1 = 68 µg injection Riboflavin/egg age zero, T2 = 58 µg Riboflavin Injection / zero-old egg * Different lowercase letters within a column indicate significant differences at the level of probability (P <0.05) Average  standard error
Table 1. (3) days
pairs of somites
vascular region
(mm)
embryo length
Treatments
38.201.08 b
10.570.38
9.00  0.50 T0
39.200.30 a
10.500.42
9.90 0.64 ab T1
40.730.50
12.23 0.45
11.16 0.68 T2 *
Significant
Table2. (7) days
Shell
Albumin
embryo weight
11.670.33 ab
25.570.71 a
1.100.04 c
11.310.35
16.750.59 b
2.03 0.07
10.140.22
16.760.64
2.980.04 *
Table days
yolk
embryo weight
21.410.51 a
27.330.62 b
21.340.42
27.390.59 ab
19.100.20
39.100.60 *