1. Forestry Science I Unit 3 Lesson 2
Created by Ms. Holli Bowman
FORS 7730
Fall 2001
Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office
July 2002

2. Annual Rings Annual rings are formed by division of the cambium layer
Each ring is composed of two cell walls
Summerwood -- a darker-colored area of small, dense, heavy walled cells
Springwood -- a lighter-colored area of large, thin-walled cells.

3. Annual Rings Annual rings vary in width for several reasons:
amount of room tree has to grow -- how close it is to other trees
Rainfall amounts
Drought
Natural Disasters (fire, insect damage, etc…)

4. Annual Rings
False ring -- a false ring may be formed when very favorable growing conditions may occur when a tree is growing slowly which may result in an additional ring of wood in a given year. Characteristic of pines and some broadleaf trees.
Tolerance -- the ability of a tree to endure shade.

5. Tree Reproduction Trees reproduce in three ways:
by seed
by sprouts
by suckers
Seed is the most common way for a tree to reproduce.
Broadleaf trees sprout profusely.
Suckering is the sending up of shoots from underground roots.

6. Seed and Flower Production
Fruits and seeds are NOT the same.
In hardwood trees, a fruit is usually the ripened ovary of a flower.
The ripened ovules of the ovary are the seeds of the fruit.
Monoecious species -- if the male and female flower parts occur in separate flowers on the same tree
Dioecious species -- if the male and female flowers occur on separate trees

7. Parts of the Flower
Ovary -- the enlarged portion at the base of the pistil.
Ovules -- parts of the ovary that, when ripened, comprise the seed of the fruit.
Calyx -- the sepals of the flower, when grouped as one part.
Corolla -- the petals of the flower, when grouped as one part.
Pistil -- the female portion of the the flower, consists of the stigma, the style and the ovary.
Stamen -- the male part of the flower, consists of the anther and the filament.

8. Types of Flowers Complete Flower -- a flower which contains all parts
Incomplete Flower -- a flower which lacks one or more of the following: a calyx, corolla, stamen, or pistil

9. Pine seed definitions
The ovules of conifers are “born naked” on cone scales and are not enclosed in an ovary.
Carpelate -- female cones which pine seeds are produced on.
Sacs -- clusters of staminate pollen-bearing cones.
Most pine species require two years for the seed to mature.

10. Seed Dispersal Seeds are dispersed by several means: Wind Birds
Animals
Streams / Other water
Humans
Simply falling to the ground