1. Big Q: What are mutations? Big Q: How do mutations affect genes?

2. ENgage - Telephone
Can we get the message through the whole class without a mistake?
Pretend this happened with DNA when it was being copied from one cell to the next.
What would happen?

3. Explain - Mutations
Mutations - heritable changes in genetic information
Can occur in both genes or whole chromosomes:
1. Gene Mutations - incorrect genes in the code
2. Chromosomal Mutations - abnormalities to chromosome number or shape

4. Explain - Gene Mutations
Point Mutations - gene mutations are called point mutations because they occur at a single point in the DNA
Types:
1. Substitutions - one base is changed to a different base
2. Insertions - insertion of one base
3. Deletions - deletion of one base
Insertions and deletions are also known as frameshift mutations
because they shift the reading frame of the genetic message

5. Elaborate - Read the Sequence
THEBOYSAWTHETANDOGRUN
Insertion - THEBOYSAWATHETANDOGRUN
Deletion - THEBOYSAWTETANDOGRUN
Substitution - THEBOYSAWTANTHEDOGRUN

6. Explore - What do these mean?
Define the following:
Delete -
Invert -
Duplicate -

7. Explain - Chromosomal Mutations
Types of mutations:
1. Deletion- loss of all or part of chromosome
2. Inversion - reverse direction of DNA in chromosome
3. Duplication - extra copy of part or all of a chromosome
4. Translocation - crossing over of chromosomes

8. Elaborate - Modeling Mutations
Model frameshift mutations and substitutions with words and sentences.
****Answer all questions on your Quick Lab Worksheet

9. Explain - Effects of Mutations
Mutagens - chemical or physical agents in the environment that cause mutations
Two Types:
1. Harmful Mutagens - change protein structure
2. Helpful Mutagens - enhance protein function
Polyploidy - extra set of chromosomes

10. Evaluate - Genetic Disorders
Research and create an information pamphlet about a genetic disorder.
1. Sickle Cell Anemia
2. Hemophilia
3. Cystic Fibrosis
4. Huntington’s Disease
5. ALS Disease
6. PKU
7. Tourette’s Syndrome
8. Muscular Dystrophy
9. Retinitis Pigmentosa
10. Tay Sach’s Diseas
11. Fragile X Syndrome
12. Angelman Syndrome
13. Patau’s Syndrome
14. Edward Syndrome
Include:
Type of mutation
Symptoms
Complications
Description of mutation