1. Read “Bloody Sunday”
Respond to questions 1-3

2. Revolutions and Nationalism

3. Causes of Revolutions in Russia
Czar Nicholas II’s oppressive rule (used censorship and secret police) caused social unrest
famine and poverty was common throughout Russia
high Russian casualties in WWI led Russian people to want out of the war; the Czar refused
Marxist revolutionaries believed industrial class, the proletariats, would overthrow the Czar and factory owners
“Bloody Sunday” uprising led to decline of government in Russia

6. The March Revolution
in March 1917, local work protests exploded into a general uprising
Russians demanded that Czar Nicholas give up his power
Czar Nicholas II abdicates the throne and is executed a year later
Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, returns to Russia in 1917 to lead a communist revolution

7. The Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution
Lenin and Bolsheviks gained control of Russia in 1918
Lenin order farmland to be re-distributed to the peasants (robin-hood)- slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread”
control of factories was given to workers
rejection of the czarist system
1922-Russia was renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)- remains so until 1991
Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist Party

8. Lenin

10. Flip over half sheet
1. Identify one way in which the Revolution in Russia altered their political (government) system?

11. Complete DBQ 20: Stalin: Evaluation of His Leadership

12. Joseph Stalin in 1922 Lenin suffers a stroke and begins to lose power
Joseph Stalin has total command of Communist Party by and wields absolute power as dictator
builds a totalitarian state
government takes complete control of every aspect of society
does not tolerate parties with different opinions
-people were required to put the interests of the state before individual gain- similar to Sparta

14. The Great Purge
The Great Purge: campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who opposed Stalin
Stalin’s secret police arrested and executed millions of so- called traitors
Stalin is responsible for 8-13 million Russian deaths
Stalin is unopposed leader of Russia after the Great Purge

16. Stalin’s Policies
Stalin’s government controlled all sources of information
Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism; loyalty to your nation, not God
called for a command economy, a system in which the government makes all economic decisions
Five-Year Plan:increase production of steel, coal and oil and limit production of consumer goods
divided all farms into government-owned farms called collective farms
By the mid-1930s the Soviet Union was an industrial and political power

19. Flip over your half sheet
1. Define the term Collectivization.

20. The Fall of Imperial China
foreigners controlled China’s trade and economic resources (spheres of influence)
The Qing Dynasty was very weak and lost support of the people
the Dynasty was overthrown by a nationalist group called the Kuomintang led by Sun Yixian (sun-yat sen)
Goals: end foreign control of china, and modernize China
when Sun Yixian dies a series of weak nationalist leaders leads to civil war in China in 1916

21. Chinese Nationalism

22. Communist Party in China
Mao Zedong helps form Chinese Communist Party in 1921
Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai Shek) becomes nationalist leader and opposes communism
peasants support communists because they want to redistribute land to them- similar to Russia
1928: Chang Kai Shek becomes president of China and Communists resist his rule
this conflict leads to civil war between Mao Zedong’s Communist army and Chang Kai Shek’s nationalist party

24. The Long March and rise of Mao Zedong
Mao recruits peasants to join the Red Army and trained them in guerrilla warfare
Chang Kai Shek ammasses an army of 700,000 and surrounds Communists
the Communist forces flee on a 6,000 mile long journey called the Long March to escape Chang Kai Shek’s forces
thousands died on journey but Communists regained their power and defeated Chang Kai Shek
***China becomes a Communist nation in 1949 led by Mao Zedong

26. The Long March

28. Nationalism grows in India
Gandhi becomes
the leader of the Indian
Independence movement
-Gandhi spinning
his own clothes.
-Told Indians to
boycott British
goods.

29. Nationalism in India
nationalism grows in India as independence movement gains power
Hindus and Muslims were divided but they had the same goal: Independence from Britian and self-governance
Indians were treated as second-class citizens by the British in their own country

30. Amritsar Massacre the British government prohibited meetings
Hindus and Muslims gather in Amritsar to protest
angers British:
British shoot at unarmed Indian civilians
400 deaths, 1200 wounded

31. Mohandas K. Gandhi Leader of the independence movement
based political actions on religious ideas
called Mahatma, “Great Soul”
promoted civil disobedience as a strategy of resisting British
disobey unjust laws
Gandhi required non-violence
Boycott of British products like cloth
Purpose: weaken the British rule in India

33. Indian Resistance to British
the Salt March:
Salt Act had taxes on salt bought from British (only source)
walked 240 miles to the sea to collect their own salt and resist the salt taxes
tried to shut down British salt works but failed and were attacked
Gandhi and 60,000 people were arrested
make their own cloth rather than buy it from British

34. The Salt March

35. Indian Self-Rule Indians gain political power
Government of India Act: providing self-government
helped move closer to full independence
Complete independence in India does not occur until after WWII in 1947

36. Nationalism in Southwest Asia

37. Nationalism Spread to Southwest Asia (Middle East)
Southwest Asian countries wanted independence
Ottoman Empire falls; fragments into many different countries the largest one becoming Turkey
Western countries had interest in Southwest Asia (Middle East) OIL,OIL,OIL!

38. Turkey only part of the Ottoman Empire left after WWI
given sovereignty in 1920
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
first president of the Republic of Turkey
Modernized and westernized the nation

40. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
separated the laws of Islam from the laws of the nation
abolished religious courts and created a new legal system based on European law
Made Turkey a secular nation
granted women the right to vote
funded programs to industrialize Turkey and increase economic growth

42. Persia (Iran)
British wanted all of Persia= irritated Persian nationalists
triggered nationalist revolt in Persia in 1921
Shah Reza Pahlavi (new leader) modernized Persia
But kept all power
Changed Persia to Iran

43. Before Present
Iran
Persia

44. Shah Reza Pahlavi like Ataturk, set out to modernize country
established public schools
promoted industrial growth
extended women’s rights
built infrastructure (roads, railroads)
Not liked by radical Muslims for being to friendly with the “West”

45. Oil and Economic Development
Nationalism grows in Southwest Asia
Industrialized countries needed petroleum products oil interest in Southwest Asia
Huge oil countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait
Persian Gulf: 2/3 of world’s oil
Europeans and Americans try to control oil regions in the Middle East