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Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.

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1 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Fully laminated bimorph piezoelectric energy harvester

2 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Circuit diagram for the standard piezoelectric harvester signal rectification and dissipation

3 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Boundaries and energy flow in the energy harvesting system for the two assumptions surrounding energy transferred to the excitation source. Work of excitation source: We. Work done by harvester on load (harvested energy): Wh. Damped energy in harvester: Qd. Energy dissipated by excitation source due to inability to recapture We-: Qe.

4 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Waveform of input power from base excitation

5 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Efficiency for ζ = 0.01 for both conservative and nonconservative cases. Resonances at Ω = 1 and Ω=1+ke2 highlighted with dashed line.

6 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Efficiency for ζ = 0.03 for both conservative and nonconservative cases. Resonances at Ω = 1 and Ω=1+ke2 highlighted with dashed line.

7 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Efficiency for ζ = 0.05 for both conservative and nonconservative cases. Resonances at Ω = 1 and Ω=1+ke2 highlighted with dashed line.

8 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Normalized nondimensional power and efficiency as a function of frequency ratio for ke2=0.6 at ζ = 0.03. Efficiency shown for both cases when excitation source is capable and is not capable of energy recovery.

9 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: (a) Efficiency as a function of ke2/ζ for Ω = 1, both for the conservative and nonconservative cases for all three damping ratios under consideration. (b) Deviations of the efficiencies for Ω=1+ke2 from the Ω = 1 result for the three damping ratios under consideration.

10 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: General diagram of harvester beam cross section

11 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Maximum power for L/w = 1 and cML = 45.6 kg/m3. Low mass and natural frequency shown in (b) shows the results for systems of low mass and natural frequency.

12 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Maximum power for L/w = 5 and cML = 45.6 kg/m3. Low mass and natural frequency shown in (b) shows the results for systems of low mass and natural frequency.

13 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Maximum power for L/w = 10 and cML = 45.6 kg/m3. Low mass and natural frequency shown in (b) shows the results for systems of low mass and natural frequency.

14 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Maximum power for L/w = 5 and cML = 364 kg/m3. Beams that are shorter relative their the mass. (b) Shows the results for systems of low mass and natural frequency.

15 Date of download: 3/2/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: The Power and Efficiency Limits of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting J. Vib. Acoust. 2013;136(2): doi: / Figure Legend: Maximum power for L/w = 5 and cML = 5.69 kg/m3. Beams that are longer relative their the mass. (b) Shows the results for systems of low mass and natural frequency.


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