1. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS Darejan Kapanadze, PhD Environmental Specialist The World Bank Ankara, Turkey October 23-25, 2007

2. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS WHY IS IT WOTHWHILE?  improved hygienic and aesthetic conditions on farm (odor, flies, diseases);  decreased water pollution;  decreased emission of GHG;  improved quality of manure for soil fertilization;  energy generation.

3. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS WHERE IS IT USED?  family farms (several heads) through commercial facilities (several hundreds of cattle);  warm (India, Zaire) through cold climate (Sweden, Denmark);  developing (Nepal, China) through well developed (Germany, USA) economies.

4. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS Construction of a BGD for a subsistence farm with 6 cows in Georgia

5. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS Dairy farm in upstate New York, USA processes manure from around 600 cows

6. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS WHAT MATTERS?  benefits to be derived;  number and kind of animals to be served;  location of the system;  collection and transportation of inputs;  temperature maintenance;  mitigation of risks;  handling of outputs;  distribution of benefits;  management and monitoring required.

7. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS WHY IN DEMAND?  cheaper energy option;  compliant agricultural practice;  environmental awareness.

8. BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL MANURE – RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS WHAT POLICY SUPPORT IS REQUIRED?  extension;  after-sales service;  investment/price subsidies;  regulatory mandates.