1. Chapter 22: Acids, Bases, and Salts
Physical Science
Chapter 22: Acids, Bases, and Salts

2. Try to identify 2 common acids and bases which are commonly seen.

3. Acids
An acid is a substance which gives off H+ ions when it is mixed with water. Therefore, it always has hydrogen as part of it’s formula.

4. Properties of Acids All acids have certain distinctive properties.
These properties include:
-pH value below 7
-act as electrolytes (a liquid
which will conduct an electric
current)
-are often poisonous
more g

5. -acids taste sour
-are corrosive to metals and living
tissue
-turn litmus paper red

6. Different common acids
Citric acid – found in lemons and limes
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) – stomach acid
Sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) – battery acid
Acetic acid - vinegar

7. Carbonic acid – carbonated beverages
Nitric acid – TNT, nitroglycerin
Phosphoric acid – detergents and fertilizers

8. Acid rain is rain that has a lower than normal pH, making it more acidic.
This is caused by pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen compounds mixing and reacting with moisture in the air, to form compounds such as H2SO4, sulfuric acid.

9. Derrick noticed that at the old cemetery near his house, a lot of the headstones were weathered to the point where they could hardly be read. Derrick’s dad said that was due to the effects of acid rain. “How could that happen here”, asked Derrick. “We live way out in the country.” Answer??

10. Derrick then noticed that while a lot of the headstones were weathered to the point where they could hardly be read, others that were the same age were still very clear.
What’s up with that?

11. Bases Bases produce OH- ions in a solution (water).
Therefore, most bases have OH in their formulas.

12. Some general properties of bases
include the following:
-pH greater than 7
-taste bitter
-slippery
-corrosive to metals and living tissue
-turn litmus paper blue
-act as an electrolyte

13. pH The pH of a solution tells how basic or acidic it is. 0-14
A pH of 7 is completely neutral, and the strength of the acid or base increases the further away it is from 7.

17. Acids and bases will neutralize each other
Acids and bases will neutralize each other. Neutralization is a chemical reaction where the properties of an acid and a base will cancel each other out.
Ex. Vinegar and baking soda

18. An indicator is a material which will produce predictable color change when exposed to an acid or a base.

19. Litmus paper is a particular type of indicator which turns red in an acid and blue in a base.

20. The End