1. MANAGEMENTAL CAUSES OF
INFERTILITY
By- Milan mahat
Niranjana karki
Nirmal bista
Pradhuman yadav
Rahul shrestha

2. INTRODUCTION Infertility is reduced conception rather than absence.
Measured by service per conception,
percent non returns,
first service to conception,
calving interval.

3. MANAGMENTAL CAUSES Negligent managmental practice
-Unproper rearing of young breeding stock.
-Deficiency of nutritions /balanced diet.
-Uncontrolled parasites/Deworming.
-Sanitation and unhygenic practices at the time of calving to prevent post partum uterine infection or delayed conception.

4. Error in detection of estrous
- Recording of estrous should be done.
- Closely watched for estrous signs and behavioural changes.
Heat detection methods

5. Breeding management failure
Repeated use of infertile bulls.
Use of bulls with infectious venereal disease.
Use of semen from infected bull during A.I.
Time of insemination during estrous.
A.I failure(method and experience).

6. Housing management
High environmental temperature and humidity will result in less marked signs of estrous and conception rates(stress).
Conception rate rises when the cows have freedom of movement (loose housing system ).
Freedom of movement stimulates the onset of estrous cycle after parturation.

7. Inactive ovaries is a problem of animals reared in tying stalls which is less common in animals of loose housing .

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