1. Chapter 2
The Old Testament

2. Overview Old Testament to Christianity Major Sections
Book of Laws
Historical Books
Wisdom Literature
Prophetic Books
Broad Overview of OT History
Typology

3. Key Ideas – Chapter 2 The Old Testament
The Law of the Old Testament (pp )
The History, Wisdom and Prophecy of the Old Testament (pp )
Old Testament History and Typology (pp )

4. OT to Christianity: Law and the Prophets perfected
Matthew 1:1 - Genealogy
Matthew 5:17-48
Group 1: Matthew 5:17-20
Group 2: Matthew 5:21-26
Group 3: Matthew 5:27-30
Group 4: Matthew 5:31-32
Group 5: Matthew 5:33-38
Group 6: Matthew 5:38-42
Group 7: Matthew 5:43-48

5. The Law
Also known as the Torah or the Pentateuch, sometimes the Books of Moses.
Most important of Hebrew Scriptures
Genesis – Greek for “Beginning”
Exodus – Greek for “going out”
Leviticus – Levitical Priests
Numbers – Census of Tribes
Deuteronomy – Greek for Second Law

6. Sources of the Pentateuch
Jehovist or Yahwist
Elohist
Deuteronomistic
Priestly

7. Sources of the Pentateuch
Full Name
Approximate Date
Basis of Theory J
Jehovist or Yahwist
10th or 9th Century BC
Use of “Yahweh: reflects the perspective of the Jews in Judah E
Elohist
9th or 8th Century BC
The use of “Elohim” reflects the perspective of Jews in the Northern Kingdom of Israel D
Deuteronomistic
7th Century BC
Written at the time of King Josiah’s reforms P
Priestly
6th Century BC (during Babylonian Exile)
An editor may have revised the five books to reflect the concerns of the priesthood in Jeruselam at the time of the return from the Exile

8. The Historical Books
14 Books tell the story of Israel – Conquest, Kingdom, Exile and Restoration (Maccabees to Roman Empire)
Joshua – successor of Moses
Judges – Israelites led by “Judge”
Ruth – Conversion story, great-grandmother of David
1 & 2 Samuel – 1st King of Israel: Saul & successor David
1 & 2 Kings – King Solomon (Temple), Split of Israel/Judah
1 & 2 Chronicles – retells Samuel/Kings from different point of view
Ezra, Nehemiah, Tobit, Judith, Esther – exile stories
1 & 2 Maccabees – family revolt against the Greeks

9. Wisdom Literature
Seven books written in poetry or prose offer life advice
Job – why do bad things happen to good people?
Psalms – 150 religious poems or songs (Responsorial)
Proverbs – Wise sayings
Ecclesiastes – Vanity, worldly things worthless
Song of Solomon (Songs) – Love poem
Wisdom of Solomon – poem of wisdom
Sirach – Living a good life

10. The Prophetic Books
18 Prophets warned of Israel’s infidelity, consoled her sufferings, and foretold a Messiah Prophet – to speak for another
Major Profits
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel
Minor Profits
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah
Post-Exilic Profits
Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi

11. Old Testament History Outline
Pre-History (Genesis 1-11) and Early History ( BC)
The Exodus & Journey to Promised Land ( BC)
Conquest of Canaan ( BC)
The United Kingdom ( BC)
The Divided Kingdom ( BC)
Babylonian Captivity ( BC)
Return from Exile ( BC)
Revolt of the Maccabees ( BC)

12. Typology
“The New Testament is hidden in the Old and the Old is made manifest in the New.” – St. Augustine
Type – an event or person in Scripture that points forward to a later event or person.
Has similar virtues or other qualities as its fulfillment
Typology – the study of types in Scripture
E.G. Abraham’s Sacrifice  God Sacrificing his own Son
Does not reject the story by itself, but enhances its meaning.

13. Review New Testament fulfills the Old Testament
Old Testament consists of 46 Books divided by genre
Pentateuch – most important, Laws, written by four sources
Historical Books – tell the history of the Jewish People
Wisdom Literature – songs, poems and prose about life
Prophetic Books – People sent by God to challenge Israelites to live a faithful life.
Typology – points to New Testament