1. Skeletal System

2. Overview of Skeletal System
Major Structures
Combining Forms
Bones
Bone Marrow
Cartilage
Ligaments
Oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o
Myel/o
Chondr/o
Ligament/o

3. Overview of Skeletal System cont.
Major Structure
Combining Forms
Joints
Synovial Membrane
Synovial Fluid
Bursa
Arthr/o
Synovi/o, synov/o
Burs/o

4. Function of Skeletal System
Major Structure
Primary Function
Act as framework for body, protect internal organs, store calcium
Red – forms blood cells. Yellow – stores fat
Protects end of bones, allows smooth motions
Connects bone to bone
Bones
Bone Marrow
Cartilage
Ligaments

5. Function of Skeletal System cont.
Major Structure
Primary Function
Joints
Synovial Membrane
Synovial Fluid
Bursa
Work with muscles to make motion possible
Lines synovial joints, secretes fluid
Lubricant
Cushion for areas of friction during movement

6. Bone Tissue Periosteum Compact bone Spongy bone Medullary Cavity
Name
Location
Periosteum
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Medullary Cavity
Endosteum
Marrow
Red
Yellow
Outermost covering
Protective outer layer
Ends and inner portion
Shaft of long bones
Lines the Medullary cavity
Found in spongy bone
Hemopoietic
Found in Medullary Cavity

7. Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis
The wide end of a long bone
Proximal Epiphysis – near the midline
Distal Epiphysis – furthest from midline
Foramen
An opening
Process
Normal projection on the surface of a bone. Serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons

8. Anatomic Landmarks cont.

9. Bone Structure Epiphysis – wide end of a long bone
Growth Plate or epiphyseal plate – the space between the epiphysis and the metaphysis
Metaphysis - the growing part of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis
Diaphysis – the shaft of a long bone

10. Fibrous Joints
Do not allow movement
Cranial bones
Fontanelles

11. Cartilaginous Joints Slight movement, connected by cartilage
Ribs, Symphysis Pubis

12. Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket - Hips, Shoulders

13. Synovial Joints
Hinge – Elbows, Knees

14. Spinal Column bones (Vertebrae)
Cervical – 7
Neck
Lordotic Curvature
Thoracic – 12
Thorax
Kyphotic Curvature
Lumbar – 5
Lower back
Sacrum
Coccyx

15. Abnormal curvatures - Kyphosis
Exaggerated curve of the thoracic area

16. Lordosis
Exaggerated curve of the lumbar spine

17. Scoliosis
Curvature of the spinal column laterally

18. osteoporosis Osteo – bone Por – small opening
Osis – abnormal condition of
Age causes a loss of bone density and increased porosity (holes) in the bone.
Most often seen in women as they age.
Activity levels may play a part.

19. Osteoporosis

20. Types of Fractures

21. Fractures (broken bones)
Closed or Simple fracture
Bone is broken but skin is intact
Open or Compound fracture
Bone is broken AND skin is open
Comminuted fracture
Bone is splintered or crushed
Greenstick or Incomplete fracture
Bone is partially broken, seen in children

22. Fractures Oblique fracture Transverse fracture Pathologic fracture
The break angles across the bone
Transverse fracture
The break is straight across the bone
Pathologic fracture
Weakened bone breaks under normal strain
Spiral fracture
Bone has been twisted apart, seen in sports injuries
Stress fracture
Small crack in the bone, injury from overuse

23. Oblique Fracture

24. Normal elbow

25. Spiral Fracture

26. Open Fracture

27. Normal Foot

28. Transverse Fracture

29. Stress Fracture

31. Greenstick Fracture

32. Pathologic Fractures

33. Comminuted Fracture

34. Skull
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum
Humerus
Ribs
Radius
Ilium
Ulna
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia

35. Skeleton (Skull)

36. Skeleton (Spine)

37. Thoracic Area

38. Shoulder Girdle

39. Skeleton (Upper Limb)

40. Skeleton (hand and wrist)

41. Pelvis

42. Skeleton (Lower Limb)

43. Skeleton (foot and ankle)

44. Homework
Matching Word Parts 1, 2, & 3
Challenge Word Building