1. Workshop V – The Road to 5G
Rami Yaron, NEC/Netcracker Scott Mansfield, Ericsson

2. Topics What is new in 5G? Transport for 5G Network Slicing1
What is new in 5G? 2
Transport for 5G 3
Network Slicing 4
Orchestrating 5G Services 5
MEF Services over 5G

3. Enhanced Mobile Broadband
5G Is Use-Case Driven
Massive MTC
Critical MTC
LOGISTICS
TRAFFIC SAFETY & CONTROL
SMART AGRICULTURE
FLEET MANAGEMENT
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION & CONTROL
REMOTE TRAINING
REMOTE MANUFAC-
TURING
SMART METER
TRACKING
REMOTE SURGERY
LOW COST, LOW ENERGY SMALL DATA VOLUMES MASSIVE NUMBERS
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
ULTRA RELIABLE VERY LOW LATENCY VERY HIGH AVAILABILITY
Enterprise
VR/AR
Home
Mobile/ Wireless/ Fixed
Smartphones
Broadcasting
Venues
Non-SIM devices
4k/8k UHD
Technical expectations of new 5G performance levels are high and has potential to deliver unparalleled benefits to society and business
Peak data rate
Maximum achievable data rate under ideal conditions per user/device
peak data rate of IMT-2020 for enhanced Mobile Broadband is expected to reach 10 Gbit/s.
under certain conditions and scenarios IMT-2020 would support up to 20 Gbit/s
User experienced data rate
Achievable data rate that is available ubiquitously across the coverage area to a mobile user/device
In wide area coverage cases (urban and sub-urban areas) a user experienced data rate of 100 Mbit/s is expected to be enabled.
In hotspot cases, the user experienced data rate is expected to reach higher values
Spectral efficiency
Average data throughput per unit of spectrum resource and per cell
Mobility
Maximum speed at which a defined QoS and seamless transfer between radio nodes which may belong to different layers and/or radio access technologies (multi-layer/-RAT) can be achieved
Latency
The contribution by the radio network to the time from when the source sends a packet to when the destination receives it
Connection density
Total number of connected and/or accessible devices per unit area
Network energy efficiency
Energy efficiency refers to the quantity of information bits transmitted to/ received from users, per unit of energy consumption of the radio access network
Energy consumption for the radio access network of 5G should not be greater than existing networks deployed today, while delivering the enhanced capabilities
The network energy efficiency should therefore be improved by a factor at least as great as the envisaged traffic capacity increase
Area traffic capacity
Total traffic throughput served per geographic area
Availability
The network availability is characterized by its availability rate X, defined as follows: the network is available for the targeted communication in X% of the locations where the network is deployed and X% of the time.
Battery life
Battery life of device connected to the 5G network
Reliability
The amount of sent packets successfully delivered to the destination within the time constraint required by the targeted service, divided by the total number of sent packets. Note that the reliability rate is evaluated only when the network is available.
Position accuracy
Ability to determine network based positioning in three-dimensional space 3
© Ericsson AB 2017

4. Technical Expectations of 5G
Technical Expectations of 5G
Peak Data Rate
10k - 1m devices / km2
99.999% (of packets)
Gbps
Connection Density
Reliability
User Experienced Data Rate
Mbps
Network Energy Efficiency
Position accuracy
×1 - ×100
10m - <1m
Strong subscriber authentication, user privacy and network security
Spectral Efficiency
Area Traffic Capacity
Mbps / m2
×1 - ×3
Security
km/h
99.999% (of time)
Mobility
Availability
Latency ms
Battery life
10 years*
*For low power IoT devices
Source: ITU-R, NGMN, 3GPP
Technical expectations of new 5G performance levels are high and has potential to deliver unparalleled benefits to society and business
Peak data rate
Maximum achievable data rate under ideal conditions per user/device
peak data rate of IMT-2020 for enhanced Mobile Broadband is expected to reach 10 Gbit/s.
under certain conditions and scenarios IMT-2020 would support up to 20 Gbit/s
User experienced data rate
Achievable data rate that is available ubiquitously across the coverage area to a mobile user/device
In wide area coverage cases (urban and sub-urban areas) a user experienced data rate of 100 Mbit/s is expected to be enabled.
In hotspot cases, the user experienced data rate is expected to reach higher values
Spectral efficiency
Average data throughput per unit of spectrum resource and per cell
Mobility
Maximum speed at which a defined QoS and seamless transfer between radio nodes which may belong to different layers and/or radio access technologies (multi-layer/-RAT) can be achieved
Latency
The contribution by the radio network to the time from when the source sends a packet to when the destination receives it
Connection density
Total number of connected and/or accessible devices per unit area
Network energy efficiency
Energy efficiency refers to the quantity of information bits transmitted to/ received from users, per unit of energy consumption of the radio access network
Energy consumption for the radio access network of 5G should not be greater than existing networks deployed today, while delivering the enhanced capabilities
The network energy efficiency should therefore be improved by a factor at least as great as the envisaged traffic capacity increase
Area traffic capacity
Total traffic throughput served per geographic area
Availability
The network availability is characterized by its availability rate X, defined as follows: the network is available for the targeted communication in X% of the locations where the network is deployed and X% of the time.
Battery life
Battery life of device connected to the 5G network
Reliability
The amount of sent packets successfully delivered to the destination within the time constraint required by the targeted service, divided by the total number of sent packets. Note that the reliability rate is evaluated only when the network is available.
Position accuracy
Ability to determine network based positioning in three-dimensional space 4
© Ericsson AB 2017

5. Critical MTC: Communications Distance vs. Latency
Critical MTC: Communications Distance vs. Latency
Process automation
1 s
Inter-substation comm.
500 ms
200 ms
Tele-surgery
Substation-internal comm.
Latency ~150 ms
Remote handling w/o haptic feedback
100 ms
Hot rolling mill control
Latency
Automated guided vehicle
Remote handling with haptic feedback (e.g. remote mining)
20 ms
Robot
manufacturing cell/roundtable
Autonomous driving
10 ms
3 ms
1 ms
Drive Control (packaging, printing)
100 us
Wind turbine- internal
High speed motion control
2 m
10 m
100 m
1 km
10 km
100 km
Technical expectations of new 5G performance levels are high and has potential to deliver unparalleled benefits to society and business
Peak data rate
Maximum achievable data rate under ideal conditions per user/device
peak data rate of IMT-2020 for enhanced Mobile Broadband is expected to reach 10 Gbit/s.
under certain conditions and scenarios IMT-2020 would support up to 20 Gbit/s
User experienced data rate
Achievable data rate that is available ubiquitously across the coverage area to a mobile user/device
In wide area coverage cases (urban and sub-urban areas) a user experienced data rate of 100 Mbit/s is expected to be enabled.
In hotspot cases, the user experienced data rate is expected to reach higher values
Spectral efficiency
Average data throughput per unit of spectrum resource and per cell
Mobility
Maximum speed at which a defined QoS and seamless transfer between radio nodes which may belong to different layers and/or radio access technologies (multi-layer/-RAT) can be achieved
Latency
The contribution by the radio network to the time from when the source sends a packet to when the destination receives it
Connection density
Total number of connected and/or accessible devices per unit area
Network energy efficiency
Energy efficiency refers to the quantity of information bits transmitted to/ received from users, per unit of energy consumption of the radio access network
Energy consumption for the radio access network of 5G should not be greater than existing networks deployed today, while delivering the enhanced capabilities
The network energy efficiency should therefore be improved by a factor at least as great as the envisaged traffic capacity increase
Area traffic capacity
Total traffic throughput served per geographic area
Availability
The network availability is characterized by its availability rate X, defined as follows: the network is available for the targeted communication in X% of the locations where the network is deployed and X% of the time.
Battery life
Battery life of device connected to the 5G network
Reliability
The amount of sent packets successfully delivered to the destination within the time constraint required by the targeted service, divided by the total number of sent packets. Note that the reliability rate is evaluated only when the network is available.
Position accuracy
Ability to determine network based positioning in three-dimensional space
Communication distance 5
© Ericsson AB 2017

6. 5G-Enabled Digitalization Revenues for ICT Players
5G-Enabled Digitalization Revenues for ICT Players
+181%
+22%
• Agriculture
• Retail
• Automotive
• Media &Entertainment
• Public transport
• Healthcare
• Financial Services
• Manufacturing
• Public Safety
• Energy & Utilities
“Normal market growth”
“Ramp up”
$US Billion
5G enabled digitalization revenues for ICT players
Revenues generated by new industry digitalization value-producing opportunities
that are created or enhanced by the introduction of 5G networks
Technical expectations of new 5G performance levels are high and has potential to deliver unparalleled benefits to society and business
Peak data rate
Maximum achievable data rate under ideal conditions per user/device
peak data rate of IMT-2020 for enhanced Mobile Broadband is expected to reach 10 Gbit/s.
under certain conditions and scenarios IMT-2020 would support up to 20 Gbit/s
User experienced data rate
Achievable data rate that is available ubiquitously across the coverage area to a mobile user/device
In wide area coverage cases (urban and sub-urban areas) a user experienced data rate of 100 Mbit/s is expected to be enabled.
In hotspot cases, the user experienced data rate is expected to reach higher values
Spectral efficiency
Average data throughput per unit of spectrum resource and per cell
Mobility
Maximum speed at which a defined QoS and seamless transfer between radio nodes which may belong to different layers and/or radio access technologies (multi-layer/-RAT) can be achieved
Latency
The contribution by the radio network to the time from when the source sends a packet to when the destination receives it
Connection density
Total number of connected and/or accessible devices per unit area
Network energy efficiency
Energy efficiency refers to the quantity of information bits transmitted to/ received from users, per unit of energy consumption of the radio access network
Energy consumption for the radio access network of 5G should not be greater than existing networks deployed today, while delivering the enhanced capabilities
The network energy efficiency should therefore be improved by a factor at least as great as the envisaged traffic capacity increase
Area traffic capacity
Total traffic throughput served per geographic area
Availability
The network availability is characterized by its availability rate X, defined as follows: the network is available for the targeted communication in X% of the locations where the network is deployed and X% of the time.
Battery life
Battery life of device connected to the 5G network
Reliability
The amount of sent packets successfully delivered to the destination within the time constraint required by the targeted service, divided by the total number of sent packets. Note that the reliability rate is evaluated only when the network is available.
Position accuracy
Ability to determine network based positioning in three-dimensional space
Source: Ericsson 6
© Ericsson AB 2017

7. On the Road to 5G Low latency RAN Virtualization Massive MIMO
On the Road to 5G
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
3GPP Rel-14
Rel-15
Rel-16
Rel-17
Early
deployments
5G new Carrier Type, NR
Low latency
RAN Virtualization
Massive MIMO
Massive IoT
LTE Advanced 7
© Ericsson AB 2017

8. Evolution Towards 1Gbps LTE
Evolution Towards 1Gbps LTE
1000 MBPS cat-16
600 MBPS cat-11
450 MBPS cat-9
300 MBPS cat-6
150 MBPS cat-4
3CC + 256QAM
( )
3CC
2CC
(20+20)
(10+10)
2CC 4x4MIMO + 1CC 2x2MIMO (256QAM)
5CC (256QAM)
LAA 1 licensed 4x4MIMO + 3 unlicensed CC 2x2MIMO (256QAM) 8
© Ericsson AB 2017

9. LTE, LTE-E, and NR LTE and LTE-A LTE-E NR 4G 5G
LTE, LTE-E, and NR 4G 5G
LTE and LTE-A
LTE-E NR
Backward compatible with LTE and LTE-A
Unlicensed
Low latency
Lean design concepts
Massive MTC
Vehicular
Not backward compatible with LTE and LTE-A
High frequency bandwidth
Large bandwidth
Massive beamforming
/MU-MIMO
Ultra low latency
Ultra lean
Critical MTC
New spectrum --
migrate to existing
Up to 3GPP Release 12
Up to 8x8 MIMO
Carrier aggregation up to 1Gbps
Services
VoLTE
eMBMS
Mid-tier MTC
Enhanced dual connectivity
Split architecture 9
© Ericsson AB 2017

10. 3GPP R15 – 2 Architecture Tracks for New Radio
3GPP R15 – 2 Architecture Tracks for New Radio
3GPP Target Q4 17
5G Enabled EPC
NextGen Core
S1-based
New interface
Option 1
Option 3
Option 5
Option 2
Option 7
Option 4 Xn Xn
LTE NR
LTE NR
LTE NR/EPC NR/NXGC
LTE NR/EPC
LTE 10
© Ericsson AB 2017

11. Why New Functional Splits?
Splitting RAN functions
Reduce bandwidth demands
Enable virtualized RAN
Seamless radio resource management
Radio coordination & interference mitigation
Increase deployment flexibility
Availability of transport and sites

12. 5G RAN Network Higher Splits Lower Splits
3GPP
5G C-RAN
3GPP
tbd
Multiple Functional Splits between RRH and BBU based on Transport and RAN efficiency tradeoff
Different Functional Split has different KPIs 12

13. 5G Transport – Dimensioning Examples
5G Transport – Dimensioning Examples
Radio
gNB
(v)EPC
5G D-RAN
(e)CPRI
10-25G/sector < 75µs
(e)S1
1-10G
< 10ms
Radio
gNB
(v)EPC
(e)CPRI
10-25G/sector
< 75µs
5G C-RAN
(e)S1
10-40G
< 10ms
Radio DU CU
(v)EPC
eMBB with V-RAN
(e)CPRI
10-25G/sector < 75µs F1
1-10G
< 5ms
(e)S1
10-40G
< 10ms
Radio
DU CU (v)EPC
Example dimensions are traffic model based
All latency numbers in the slide are one way
Throughput is related to carrier bandwidth and MIMO layers
C-MTC with V-RAN
(e)CPRI
< 30µs (indicative)
5G D-RAN
Fronthaul with short distance (e)CPRI
E.g., eCPRI 7G/sector is average load for TDD config 2, 64T/R, 16layers, 60Mhz (15G/sector for peak load)
5G C-RAN
Fronthaul with long distance (e)CPRI
(e)S1 throughput dimension is dependent on the No. of BB on the site
eMBB with V-RAN
RPU preferably deploy at antenna/hub site
(e)S1 throughput dimensions are dependent on the No. of RPU connected to vPP/vRC
C-MTC with V-RAN
D-RAN, C-RAN can also support C-MTC
RRU/RPU/vPP,vRC/EPC needs to be co-located ultra low latency (1ms e2e)
Antenna Hub Central Office Switching/Aggr
© Ericsson AB 2017

14. Evolved Architecture Evolved Architecture options: Distributed RAN
Evolved Architecture L1 L3
L2 high
CPRI
5G NR
Distributed RAN Architecture
Centralized RAN Architecture
Centralized Layer 3, common mobility anchor
Core Network
L2 Low
L2 low
Evolved Architecture options:
Distributed RAN
Centralized RAN
Virtualized RAN
5G NR RAN 14
© Ericsson AB 2017

15. 5G Main Components & Their Evolution
5G Main Components & Their Evolution
Wireless Access
LTE evolution
NB-IoT NR
Massive MIMO
Transport
Resource Differentiation
RAN Transport Interaction
Fronthaul
Backhaul 5G
Cloud
Virtual Data Center
NFV
SDN
PaaS
Network Applications
Cloud Enabled
Distributed Deployment
Cloud Native
Scalability
Management
Orchestration
Analytics
Automation
Security
Source: Ericsson 15
© Ericsson AB 2017

16. MEF Work Areas Transport for 5G Network Slicing
Orchestrating 5G Services
MEF Services over 5G 1 2 3 4

17. Transport Evolution – Backhaul & Fronthaul Considerations
Transport Evolution – Backhaul & Fronthaul Considerations
Slicing
Capacity
Latency
Security
Coordination
Radio Access Network
Evolved Packet Network
# sites
Thousands
Hundreds
Synchronization
Sites 17
© Ericsson AB 2017

18. 5G Vision and Requirements
User Experience:
User Data Rates: 0.1 to 1Gbps
Peak Data Rates: 20Gbps
High-speed Mobility: 500 Km/h
End-to-End Latency: ms level
Network Impact:
Connection density: 1M connections/Km2
Traffic Volume Density: Tens of Tbps/Km2
Spectrum Efficiency: 3x*
Network Efficiency: 100x*
*Compared to IMT-Advanced
5G Key Capabilities – User Experience and Network Impact!
Figure: ITU-R WP 5D 18

19. RAN Coordination Requirements
RAN Coordination Requirements
Optimal coordination with co-located basebands
Loose coordination with any transport
Tight coordination with high performance transport
High capacity sites
Network wide coverage
Capacity sites
Distributed RAN
Optimal coordination with dedicated fiber transport
Virtualized RAN **
Transport capacity and one-way latency
C-RAN
Radio coordination opportunities
Fronthaul: 2.5/5/10/25/(50) Gbps ≤ 75 µs
Inter-site: 10/40 Gbps ≤ µs
Inter-site: BH dimensioning* ≤ 5 ms
Inter-site: BH dimensioning* ≤ 30 ms
**Optional
*Capacity based on backhaul dimensioning 19
© Ericsson AB 2017

20. Network controller / gateway site
MEF 22.2 Terminology
Network controller / gateway site
Remote radio site
Base Station site
Fronthaul
Backhaul
RRU
Marco RBS
SGW,MME
Midhaul
Backhaul
Small cell site
Small RBS
Backhaul – macro/small cell to core
Midhaul – small cell to macro
Fronthaul – remote radio to baseband unit 20
© Ericsson AB 2017

21. Fronthaul Split Options Tradeoff Between Bandwidth and Latency
Fronthaul Split Options Tradeoff Between Bandwidth and Latency
High Layer (HL)
or high latency splits
Low Layer (LL)
or low latency splits
RRC
PDCP
High -
Low -
High -
Low -
High - DL
Low -
PHY RF
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
PHY
Data
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Option 5
Option 6
Option 7
Option 8
High -
Low -
High -
Low -
High - UL
RRC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
PHY
Low -
PHY RF
CPRI
3GPP F1
eCPRI
Data
~10 fold reduction of required bandwidth compared to CPRI
Use of packet transport technologies like Ethernet/IP enabled
Required bandwidth can scale flexibly according to the user plane traffic, sharing the network with other traffic possible.
Split supports fast control mechanisms for improved radio performance (COMP, Beamforming) 21
© Ericsson AB 2017

22. MEF 22 Phase 4 - Transport for 5G
5G RRU DU CU
(BBU)
MFH2
MFH3
CU/DU
MFH1
MBH
CORE
EBH
5G RRU DU CU
(BBU)
CU/DU
MFH1
MFH2
MFH3
DU Distributed Unit
CU Centralized Unit
Functional Splits can be in 1 or 2 stages (RRH-DU-CU)
Three types of Fronthaul Networks
Each has its own KPIs
RRH, CU, DU, and Core distributed based on Services KPIs
Multiple configurations can be co-located
Transport Network can provide support for all
MEF Ethernet Service Types – Mobile Fronthaul 1,2,3, Mobile Backhaul, Ethernet Backhaul
Multiple Ethernet Service Types can co-exist 22

23. Three Alternative Network Scenarios Modeled
Three Alternative Network Scenarios Modeled
Comparison of three potential network scenarios for deployment of new services
One big network
Separate networks
Network slicing
Though it is recognized that network slicing can extend end-to-end across the radio and transport network domains, this study was restricted to evaluating the impacts of network slicing in the core network only. 23
© Ericsson AB 2017

24. Benefits of Network Slicing

25. Overall Economic Impact of Network Slicing
Network slicing enables:
New revenue generation
Lower opex
Greater capex efficiency
Overall impact is a significantly increased economic benefit through new service launches.

26. Transport Network Slicing – System View
MEF Ethernet Service based on EVCs
Ethernet Service Slice is a group of Ethernet Services (EVC)
A new Group of Ethernet Service is now introduced
MFH1
Slice
MFH2
MFH3
MBH
EBH

27. Transport Network Slicing Representation
Slice Representation Examples - A Group of EVCs
Single S-Tag = EVC, Enhanced MEF tools (e.g., Trunk/OVC+, Envelope+) to represent Slice ID
Single S-Tag – Higher order bits=Slice ID, Lower order bits=EVC
Double S-Tag – Inner Tag=EVC, Outer Tag=Slice ID
PBB – S-Tag=EVC, B-Tag+I-Tag=Slice ID
MPLS – S-Tag=EVC, MPLS Label=Slice ID
Slice
EVC 1
EVC 2
EVC 3
EVC 4 27

28. 3GPP Network Slicing – E-2-E Service View
5G America White Paper
Network Slicing for 5G Network & Services
RRH DU CU
Fronthaul is inside the RAN Slice between RRH and BBU or between RRH & DU and DU and CU(BBU)
Backhaul is between RAN and Mobile Core Network or between RAN and Wireline Network for Wireline Services
There is an East-West association between RAN, Core, and Transport 28

29. 5G Network End-to-End Orchestration
RRH DU CU
(BBU)
MFH
MBH
EBH
CORE UE RF
RAN
Transport LSO
E-2-E LSO
Mobile LSO
Service
Network
Resource
E-2-E LSO = Mobile LSO + Transport LSO
MEF LSO -> Transport LSO
MEF LSO extends to E-2-E LSO and/or Mobile LSO 29

30. Data-Driven Orchestration
Data-Driven Orchestration
Network Slice Catalogue :
Service.. n
Mobile Broadband
Wire-line Internet access
Health Care
…...
…...
Health
Nomadic Broadband
Enterprise Communication …… ……
Robotic communication
Industry Automation
Massive Sensors/Actuator
Premium Communication
Media
Network Service Composition
MBB Basic
Logical Networks
Network Slice Resources:
Access/Mobility
Service Provider Core
Transport
Management & Control
Service Provider IT Cloud
Applications
Cloud Infrastructure
Access
Mobile
Fixed
Physical Resources (Access, Connectivity, Computing, Storage, ..) 30
© Ericsson AB 2017

31. Orchestrating 5G Services
Ensuring 5G-based services are orchestratable through SDN controllers as part of :
Heterogeneous connectivity service
Multi-Operator
Multi-Technology
Full service lifecycle
Network resource provisioning
Service OAM and SAT
Service assurance (e.g. Zero touch telemetry, closed loopback control)
OpenCS 5G project
Defining use cases, epics and user stories
Use case -> Information Model -> Data Model -> standardized open northbound APIs for 5G environments

32. 5G Ready Core @
VNF
MEF LSO - Management & Orchestration & Analytics & Exposure
Virtualization
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Distributed Cloud CORE & RAN
Network Slicing
Multi-access with new 5G RAT, Fixed Wireless Broadband, Wi-Fi and FTTx
SDN based Transport with options for white label switches/routers
Local and Private Core Networks
User-Plane(s) for various use cases and deployment options (e.g. low latency) 32

33. MEF Services Over 5G – Why?
More and more traffic is now terminated on mobile devices
Customers would like the same SLA
at the office, home, or traveling
Fiber availability is limited
Copper plants are old and deteriorating
Optimized for low bandwidth
T1/E1 replacement
Low CAPEX (FedEx vs. Technician) 33

34. Advantages of MEF Services Over 5G
Service on demand (time to deliver = Revenue)
Fast activation
Out-of-band management for SDN networks
Supporting IoT use case 34

35. MEF Services Over 5G MEF services
Carrier Ethernet IP
Network slicing allows customer separation for EVC end-to-end
5G adds native support for IP or Ethernet frames/service at the UE
Service Provider
End-to-End EVC
Mobile Network RAN BS site
Mobile Network RAN NC site
Service Provider Core site
CEN
UNI
UNI
Backhaul EVC
RAN CE
RAN CE

36. Summary 5G is much more than a new wireless technology1
5G is much more than a new wireless technology 2
Multiple transport options can support 5G interfaces 3
Application driven networks calls for network slicing 4
LSO can facilitate orchestration of mobile and fixed networks 5
MEF Services can run fully/partially over 5G

37. Workshop V – The Road to 5G
Rami Yaron, NEC/Netcracker Scott Mansfield, Ericsson