1. 3 Computer Software Section A Software Basics CHAPTER PARSONS/OJA
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2. Computer Software 3 Chapter PREVIEW
Describe the software components of a typical software package
Trace the development of a computer program
Describe the way an operating system manages each computer resource
Describe key features of popular software
List types of software available
Explain how to install and uninstall software
Describe rights associated with software: for users and programmers
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3. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
Software, Programs, and Data Files: Exactly what is software?
Software consists of computer programs and data files that work together to provide a computer with the instructions and data necessary for carrying out a specific type of task
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4. Software Basics Section A 3 Exactly what is software?
Chapter 3
Exactly what is software?
Software includes
A computer program is a set of detailed, instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or carry out a task
Executable files
Support modules
Data files
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5. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
Is the data that I create classified as software?
No, not in today’s terminology
In early days, everything not hardware was software, but not so today
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6. Software Basics Section A 3 Why does software require so many files?
Chapter 3
Why does software require so many files?
Provides a great deal of flexibility and efficiency for programmers
Files containing support programs often have .dll filename extensions.
User-executable program files have .exe filename extensions.
Data files have a variety of filename extensions, including .dat, .hlp, .bmp, and .txt.
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7. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
Programmers and Programming Languages: Who creates software?
Computer programmers write the instructions for the computer programs
Software publishers distribute the software, they specialize in packaging, marketing, and selling commercial software
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8. Software Basics Section A 3 How does a programmer “write” software?
Chapter 3
How does a programmer “write” software?
Most software is designed to provide a task-related environment
Programmer defines the properties for each element in the environment
Its height
Its label
What happens when you click it
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9. Software Basics Section A 3 How does a programmer “write” software?
Chapter 3
How does a programmer “write” software?
The program as it appears on the screen when you run it
The program instructions that the computer must execute when the Convert button is clicked
Properties associated with the Convert button
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10. Software Basics Section A 3 How does a programmer “write” software?
Chapter 3
How does a programmer “write” software?
A computer language provides the tools that a programmer uses to create software
Source code
High-level languages
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11. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
How Software Works: How does a high level language relate to the microprocessor’s instruction set?
A computer’s microprocessor only understands machine language
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12. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
How does a high-level language relate to the microprocessor’s instruction set?
A compiler translates all of the instructions in a program as a single batch
The resulting machine language instructions are called the object code
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13. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
How does a high-level language relate to the microprocessor’s instruction set?
An alternative to a compiler is an interpreter, that converts one instruction at a time while program is running
Scripts
JavaScript
VBScript
Click to start
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14. Software Basics Section A 3 So how does software work?
Chapter 3
So how does software work?
You start it running by selecting it from the Start Menu
Main executable starts up first
Instructions are loaded into RAM and then sent to microprocessor
Program follows its instructions to carry out tasks as specified by user
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15. Software Basics Section A 3
Chapter 3
Application Software and System Software: How is software categorized?
Software is categorized as either application software or system software
Application software is designed to be used for a purpose such as drawing designs, creating documents, etc.
System software is designed to help the computer carry out the basic operating functions
Operating systems, utilities, and drivers
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16. Software Basics Section A 3 How is software categorized? Chapter
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17. 3 Computer Software Section B Personal Computer Operating Systems
CHAPTER 3
PARSONS/OJA
Computer Software
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18. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Operating System Overview: What does an operating system do?
An operating system (OS) is the master controller for all of the activities that take place within a computer.
Microsoft Windows XP, Mac OS, Linux, UNIX
The operating system also interacts with the next functional layer called application software.
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19. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
What does an operating system do?
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20. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
What does an operating system do?
An operating system manages resources (any component that is required to perform work)
An operating system also influences the “look and feel” of your software
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21. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
How does the OS manage processor resources?
It ensures the microprocessor doesn’t spin its wheels waiting for input while it could be working on other processing tasks
Ideally, the OS is able to help the microprocessor switch tasks so that everything seems to be happening at the same time
The OS also must ensure that the microprocessor does not sit idle
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22. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Why does an operating system need to manage memory?
The OS must ensure that instructions and data from one area of memory don’t “leak” into an area allocated to another program
If it fails, data can get corrupted, programs can “crash” and your computer will display error messages
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23. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
How does the OS keep track of storage resources?
The OS acts as a filing clerk
It remembers the names and locations of all your files and keeps track of empty spaces where new files can be stored
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24. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Why does the operating system get involved with peripheral devices?
To ensure that they function correctly
OS controls peripherals to ensure input and output proceeds in an orderly fashion
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25. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
How does the operating system affect the “look and feel” of application software?
A user interface can be defined as the combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate with each other
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Command-line user interface
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26. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
How does the operating system affect the “look and feel” of application software?
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27. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Where is the operating system?
The OS’s small bootstrap program resides in ROM and provides the instructions to load the core parts into memory when system boots
This component is called the kernel
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28. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Do I ever interact directly with the OS?
Yes, typically through helpful tools called utilities
Launch programs
Manage files
Get help
Customize the user interface
Configures equipment
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29. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Do I ever interact directly with the OS?
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30. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Are different operating systems needed for different computing tasks?
Single-user operating system
Multi-user operating system
Network operating system
Multitasking operating system
Desktop operating system
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31. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Unix, and DOS: What’s the best-selling operating system?
Microsoft Windows is the most popular, and is installed on over 80% of the world’s personal computers
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32. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
What’s the best-selling operating system?
The Windows operating system gets its name from the rectangular work areas that appear on the screen-based desktop
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33. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
What’s the best-selling operating system?
Programs can be run in separate windows
Start menu
Icons
Taskbar
Start button
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34. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Is Mac OS similar to windows?
Developed several years before windows, it still has a GUI interface
Both have windows, icons, menus and pointers
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35. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Is Mac OS similar to windows?
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36. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Are Unix and Linux the same?
UNIX was developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs
Linux was developed in 1991
Is distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL)
Red Hat Linux, Caldera OpenLinux, and Debian GNU/Linux
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37. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Are Unix and Linux the same?
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38. Personal Computer Operating Systems
Section B
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Chapter 3
Why do I keep hearing about DOS?
First operating system that most people have used
DOS (Disk Operating System) was developed by Microsoft
Is in kernel of Windows 3.1, 95, 98 and ME
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39. 3 Computer Software Section C Application Software CHAPTER PARSONS/OJA
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40. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Document Production Software: How can my computer help me with my writing?
Word processing software, such as Microsoft Word, is used for producing reports, letters, papers, and manuscripts.
Desktop publishing software helps you use graphic design techniques to enhance the format and appearance of a document.
Web authorizing software helps you design and develop customized Web pages.
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41. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How does document production software help me turn my ideas into sentences and paragraphs?
Document production software automatically tries to fit your text within the margins using word wrap.
As you type, the spelling checker compares your words with a list of correctly spelled words. Words not included in the list are marked with a wavy line as possible misspellings.
Click to start
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42. Application Software Section C 3 What if I’m a bad speller?
Chapter 3
What if I’m a bad speller?
A spell checker that marks misspelled words in a document is included
The spell checker uses a spelling dictionary of words when it checks spelling
Customizable
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43. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Will document production software help improve my writing?
A document production software has tools that can help improve your writing
Thesaurus
Grammar checker
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44. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Can document production software help me break bad writing habits?
Search and Replace can be used to find mistakes and replace them with corrections
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45. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I get my documents to look good?
The format for a document refers to the way that all the elements of a document are arranged on the page
Font
Point size
Paragraph style
Paragraph alignment
Line spacing (leading)
Style
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46. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I get my documents to look good?
Sample
Fonts
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47. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I get my documents to look good?
Click to start
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48. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I get my documents to look good?
Page Layout refers to the physical position of each element on a page
Header is text that you specify to automatically appear in the top margin of every page
Footer is text that you specify to automatically appear in the bottom margin of every page
Page Numbers
Graphical elements are photos, diagrams, etc.
Tables are a grid-like structure that can hold text and pictures
Frames
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49. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I get my documents to look good?
Text can link to frames on the next page, or any page of the document.
Click to start
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50. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Does document production software increase productivity?
Index and Table of Contents - automatically produced by most document production software
Mail Merge - process of creating a series of personalized letters by combining information in a mailing list with a blank form letter
Automatically numbering footnotes and positioning them
Providing document templates
Exporting a document into HTML format
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51. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Spreadsheet Software: What is a spreadsheet?
Spreadsheet - numerical model or representation of a real situation
Checkbook
To use spreadsheet software, you:
Enter numbers
Indicate how the computer should manipulate those numbers
Spreadsheet software is particularly useful for what-if analysis
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52. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What does a computerized spreadsheet look like?
Worksheets
An on-screen spreadsheet
Based on grid of columns and rows
Cell - intersection of columns and rows
A cell can contain
Numbers (values)
Text (labels)
Formulas (tells computer how to calculate)
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53. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What does a computerized spreadsheet look like?
Page 133

54. Application Software Section C 3 How does spreadsheet software work?
Chapter 3
How does spreadsheet software work?
Cell reference - unique address given to cell
A1 = column A, row 1
You can modify a spreadsheet by
Changing text, numbers, formulas
Inserting rows and columns
Deleting rows and columns
Formulas can contain
Cell references
Mathematical operators
Numbers
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55. Application Software Section C 3 How does spreadsheet software work?
Chapter 3
How does spreadsheet software work?
Example
Spreadsheet
Click to start
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56. Application Software Section C 3 How does spreadsheet software work?
Chapter 3
How does spreadsheet software work?
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57. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What happens when I modify a worksheet?
Relative reference - cell reference
Absolute reference - never changes when you insert rows or move formulas
Automatic recalculation – recalculates all formulas whenever contents of any cell are changed
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58. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What happens when I modify a worksheet?
Click to start
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59. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How will I know which formulas and functions to use when I create a spreadsheet?
Visualize your worksheet
Enter numbers and labels in cells
Enter formulas
Can use wizards and templates to help
Understand the Calculations and Formulas
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60. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Accounting and Finance, Mathematical Modeling, and Statistical Software
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61. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Aside from spreadsheets, what other “number crunching” software is available?
Accounting and finance software
Personal finance software
Tax preparation software
Small business accounting software
Statistical software
Mathematical modeling software
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62. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Data Management Software: What is data management software?
Data management software helps you to store, find, organize, update, and report information
File management software
Database management software
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63. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the difference between file management software and database management software?
A structured file is a file of information organized in a uniform format
Stores data that describes collection of similar entities
Each file is a collection of records
Each record holds data for a single entity
A field holds one item of data relevant to a record
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64. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the difference between file management software and database management software?
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65. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the difference between file management software and database management software?
A single file (flat file) can be a useful repository
File management software helps you create, modify, search, sort, and print the data in flat files
A database is a collection of data in which records might have different fields
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66. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the difference between file management software and database management software?
A relational database structures records into tables in which each column is a field, and each row is a record
An object-oriented database treats each record as an object, which can be manipulated using program instructions called methods
Database management software (DBMS) is designed for creating and manipulating the records that form a database
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67. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the difference between file management software and database management software?
Relational Database
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68. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I use data management software?
A record structure is somewhat like a fill-in form that contains a list of fields and their data types
Click to start
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69. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
How do I use data management software?
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70. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
After I design the record structure, what next?
Enter data
Modify records
Sort records
Sort key – field that is used to alphabetize or otherwise sort the records
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71. Application Software Section C 3 How do I locate specific data?
Chapter 3
How do I locate specific data?
Information that needs to be accessed quickly is usually stored as a structured database.
Stored in a field
A query by example (QBE) helps users search structured databases.
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72. Application Software Section C 3 How do I locate specific data?
Chapter 3
How do I locate specific data?
A query language is a set of command words to direct the computer to:
Locate information
Sort records
Change data in records
SQL ( Structured Query Language)
Some software even allows a natural language query
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73. Application Software Section C 3 How do I locate specific data? Search
Chapter 3
How do I locate specific data?
Search
Form
Page 140

74. Application Software Section C 3 How can I use search results?
Chapter 3
How can I use search results?
You can do the following
Print reports
Export data to other programs
Convert the data to other formats
Transmit data to other computers
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75. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Graphics Software: What kind of software do I need to work with drawings, photos, and other pictures?
Graphics – refers to any picture, drawing, sketch, photograph, image or icon that appears on your computer screen
Graphics Software
Paint software
Photo editing software
Drawing software
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76. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What kind of software do I need to work with drawings, photos, and other pictures?
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77. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What kind of software do I need to work with drawings, photos, and other pictures?
Graphics Software
3-D graphics software
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78. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What kind of software do I need to work with drawings, photos, and other pictures?
CAD software (computer-aided design software)
Presentation software
Slides
Click to start
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79. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Music Software: Why would I need music software?
Audio editing software – lets you make your own digital voice and music recording
MP3
MP3 Player
CD ripper
MP3 encoding software
Ear training software
Notation software
Computer-aided software
Midi sequencing software
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80. Application Software Section C 3 Why would I need music software?
Chapter 3
Why would I need music software?
Rewind to beginning
Play
Record
Fast forward to end
Stop
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81. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Video Editing Software: Is video editing software difficult to use?
Video editing software provides a set of tools for transferring video footage, editing video, adding special effects, and adding a sound track
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82. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Educational and Reference Software: How can I use my computer to learn new things?
Educational software – helps you to learn and practice new skills
MindTwister Math
3-D Froggy Phonics
SAT
GMAT
LSAT
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83. Application Software Section C 3 What’s reference software?
Chapter 3
What’s reference software?
Reference software – provides you with a collection of information and a way to access that information
Encyclopedias
Microsoft Encarta
Grolier’s encyclopedia
Comptons encyclopedia
World Book
Britannica
Dictionaries
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84. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Entertainment Software: What’s the best-selling entertainment software?
Over $6 billion of computer and video games are sold each year in the U.S. alone
97% are people 18 and under
13% are people over 50
About 43% are women
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85. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the best-selling entertainment software?
Computer games
Role-playing games
Action games
Adventure games
Puzzle games
Simulation games
Sports games
Strategy games
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86. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
What’s the best-selling entertainment software?
Ratings
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87. Application Software Section C 3
Chapter 3
Business Software: Do businesses use specialized software?
Vertical market software
Horizontal market software
Payroll software
Accounting software
Project management software
Groupware
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88. 3 Computer Software Section D Software Installation and Copyrights
CHAPTER 3
PARSONS/OJA
Computer Software
Page 148

89. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Installation Basics: What’s included in a typical software package?
The key ingredients necessary to install new software are the files that contain the programs, support modules, and data modules
Usually supplied on distribution disks
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90. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
How do I know if a software program will work on my computer?
System requirements specify the operating system and minimum hardware requirements necessary for a software product to work correctly
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91. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Why is it necessary to install software?
When you install software, the new software files are placed in the appropriate folders on your computer’s hard disk
Copies files from distribution disk
Uncompresses files
Analyzes computer’s resources
Analyzes hardware components and peripheral devices
Looks for any system files and players
Updates necessary system files
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92. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Are all of the files for the software provided on the distribution disk?
Some files are common files and are often supplied by the operating system
These common files are not usually on the distribution disks
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93. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Are all of the files for the new software installed in the same folder?
You can specify the folders
Some support programs may be stored in other folders
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94. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Installing from a Distribution Disk or CD: How do I install software from a disk or CD?
A setup program guides you through the installation process
Following the program will make installation easy
Page 150

95. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
How do I install software from a disk or CD?
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96. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Installing Downloaded Software: Is the installation process different for downloaded software?
Sometimes files are zipped, so they must be unzipped
Other types
Self-installing software
Self-executing zip file
Manual download and install
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97. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Is installing a software upgrade different from installing a full version?
Installing an upgrade is similar to installing a full version
Update provides a setup file that checks to make sure that your computer contains a valid version of software to upgrade then it guides you through the rest of the upgrade process
Page 151

98. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Uninstalling Software: How do I get rid of software?
Uninstall routine deletes the software’s files
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99. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Software Copyrights: Is it legal to copy software?
A copyright is a form of legal protection
Purchaser has right to copy software to a computer’s hard disk in order to install it
Purchaser can make a backup copy
Purchaser is allowed to copy and distribute sections of a software program for use in critical reviews and teaching
Most software displays a copyright notice
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100. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Software Licenses: What is a software license?
A software license is a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use a computer program
A shrink-wrap license goes into effect as soon as you open the packaging
Page 153

101. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
What is a software license?
Page 153

102. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
What is a software license?
An installation agreement is displayed on the screen when you first install the software
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103. Software Installation and Copyrights
Section D
Software Installation and Copyrights
Chapter 3
Are all software licenses similar?
Commercial software – typically sold in computers or a web site
Shareware – copyrighted software that you “try before you buy”
Freeware – copyrighted software available for free
Open source software
Public domain software – not copyrighted, and in public domain
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