1. Introduction to Networking Technique

2. NETWORKING TECHNIQUE Common techniques in networking: PERT
Historically was developed in mid 1950s and 1960s
Common techniques in networking:
AOA - Arrow Diagram
PERT
PRECEDENCE DIAGRAMMING METHOD (PDM)

3. Basic component of networking technique
1. Activity or Task
2. Logical Relationship between activities
3. Arrow
4. Node
5. Critical path

6. Avoiding the terminology confusion
Critical path method (CPM)
Critical activities, critical path
arrow diagram - activity on arrow
precedence diagramming method

7. Project Activity or Task -
DEFINITIONS
Activity or Task -
an element of the work entailed in the project
Project
MAJOR
ACTIVITY
MAJOR
ACTIVITY
MAJOR
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY

8. Activity is the breakdown or smaller components of a project
Activity is the breakdown or smaller components of a project. The ‘larger’ part known as major activity/task which may be divided further into the smaller unit known as sub-activity/task

9. Dependency or sequence arrow -
Logical relationship B A A B

10. A B
FINISH TO START (FS) A B
START - START(SS)
FINISH TO FINISH (FF) A B B
START TO FINISH (SF) A

11. LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP IN ARROW DIAGRAMB
The start of activities C,D,E depends on
the completion of A and B

12. Dummy in arrow diagram A C B D DUMMY ACTIVITY
The start of C and D depend
on the completion of A and B
DUMMY ACTIVITY

13. Activity on arrow
Aktiviti B
Aktiviti A
Node
Node
Node

14. ACTIVITY ON NODE
node
Aktiviti B
Aktiviti A
Arrow
aktiviti
aktiviti

15. Masa Mulaan terawal (Early Start)
Masa paling awal sesuatu aktiviti boleh dimulakan.
(The earliest possible time to start an activity)
Masa Mulaan Terakhir (Late Start)
Masa paling lewat sesuatu aktiviti boleh dimulakan tanpa menjejaskan tempoh penyiapan projek keseluruhannya.
(The latest possible time to start an activity without delaying the overall completion of the project)

16. ES
EF= ES+Duration
LS=LF-Duration
LF=LS+Duration TF FF

17. ES(I)=7
LS=10
ES=2
EF=5
LF=13
TOTAL FLOAT
Dur=3 FF

18. Masa / Tempoh (Time)
Masa yang diperlukan untuk menyiapkan sesuatu aktiviti boleh dinyatakan dalam jam, hari, minggu atau bulan mengikut kesesuaian penggunaannya. Tetapi unit masa yang digunakan untuk semua aktiviti hendaklah sama bagi memudahkan pengiraan.

19. RELYING ON PAST EXPERIENCE ARITHMATHETICAL COMPUTATION
HOW TO DETERMINE THE TIME REQUIRED TO EXECUTE EACH ACTIVITY
RELYING ON PAST EXPERIENCE
ARITHMATHETICAL COMPUTATION
USING STANDARD GUIDE

20. By area of responsibilities distinct structural element
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
Division of work into smaller phases and task
By area of responsibilities
distinct structural element
by location of the projects
by category of work distinguish by craft or equipment
with regard to owners breakdown of the work for bidding
payment purposes

21. BASIC PROCEDURE TO DEVELOP A LOGICAL NETWORK DIAGRAM (EITHER AOA OR AON)
STEP 1: LIST ALL ACTIVITIES REQUIRED
STEP 2: ASSIGN THE TIME AND RESOURCES REQUIRED
STEP 3: ASSIGN THEIR IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS
STEP 4: BASE ON PA LIST INFORMATION DEVELOP THE LOGIGAL NETWORK
STEP 4: COMPUTE THE STARTING AND FINISHING TIMES FOR EACH ACTIVITIES
STEP 5: DETERMINE THE CRITICAL PATH FOR THE PROJECT

22. EXAMPLE: A 5 - B 2 - C - 1 D 4 A E B 3 F 6 C 2 C G H 5 D I 1 E, F G J
ACTIVITY
DURATION
IMMEDIATE PREDECESSOR A 5 - B 2 - C - 1 D 4 A E B 3 F 6 C 2 C G H 5 D I 1
E, F G J 6

23. A D H E I B F J C G

24. A D H 5d 4d 5d E I B 2d 3d 1d F 6d J C G 1d 2d 6d

25. A D H 5d 4d 5d E I B 2d 3d 1d F 6d J C G 1d 2d 6d

26. ES=2
EF=5
esI=7
LF=13
E=3DAYS
TF=8D
FF=2