1. Project Group CMS Trigger
C.-E. Wulz
HEPHY Scientific Advisory Board Meeting
21 Sep. 2009

2. The CMS Experiment
It searches for answers to fundamental physics questions such as
the origin of mass
the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking
unification of theories
particle-antiparticle asymmetries
the nature of dark matter
extra dimensions
HEPHY is involved in:
Tracker
Trigger and Muon System
Physics
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

3. CMS runs as a complete experiment
The recently terminated data taking period with cosmic muons at full magnetic field marks the first occasion where data were recorded with the entirety of CMS, and the full suite of LHC Level-1 triggers.
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

4. CMS Trigger Group Members
Physicists (7 FTE):
V. Ghete, M. Jeitler, I. Mikulec, H. Rohringer, J. Strauss, A. Taurok,
C.-E. Wulz
Electronics Engineers (1 FTE):
J. Erö
Technicians (5.8 FTE, shared with Electronics I):
M. Arnold, H. Bergauer, M. Eichberger, K. Kastner, B. Neuherz, M. Padrta, Th. Schreiner
Bachelor student (0.5 FTE):
F. Mittermayr
Diploma students (1.25 FTE):
G. Kasieczka, Th. Themel, Ph. Wagner
Doctoral student (1 FTE)
F. Teischinger
Austrian doctoral students at CERN (2 FTE):
J. Hammer, Ch. Hartl
Summer students (0.5 FTE):
A. Khatutsky, W. Müller, M. Oschgan, V. Rainer, M. Scattolin, S. Stetina
TOTAL: ~19 FTE
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

5. Mission Statement of CMS Trigger Group
Select (trigger on) all collisions (every 25 ns) interesting for physics, discard the others
Design, develop all hardware, firmware and associated software – Global Trigger
Find and select muons
Design, develop most hardware and firmware, and some associated software – Drift Tube Track Finder, Global Muon Trigger
Control data taking
Design, develop core hardware and firmware, and some associated software – Central Trigger Control System
Set up and monitor the trigger centrally through web browser
Design, develop basic software – Trigger Supervisor
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

6. Responsibility of HEPHY-Vienna
Level-1 Trigger
40 MHz Pipeline, Latency< 3.2 ms HF
HCAL
ECAL
RPC
CSC DT
Pattern Comparator Trigger
Regional Calorimeter Trigger
4 m
4+4 m
4 m (with MIP/ISO bits)
MIP+ ISO bits
e, J, ET, HT, ETm, HTm
Calorimeter Trigger
Muon Trigger
Responsibility of HEPHY-Vienna
max. 100 kHz L1 Accept Decision
Global Trigger
Global Muon Trigger
Global Calorimeter Trigger
Local DT Trigger
Local CSC Trigger
DT Track Finder
CSC Track Finder
Trigger Supervisor
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

7. Present Activities
CRAFT (Cosmic Run at almost 4 Tesla) ended beginning of September
Global Trigger, Trigger Control System, Global Muon Trigger, Drift Tube Muon Track Finder and Trigger Supervisor have been in constant use as a service
Production of additional spare electronics modules has been initiated to ensure long-term stable operations
Online and offline software development
Data analysis
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

8. Drift Tube Track Finder
135 electronics modules of 8 types
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

9. Trigger response function
Muon efficiency to pass a DTTF transverse momentum cut of 10 GeV/c, as a function of the pT reconstructed off-line with the tracker. Measured for the first time!
CRAFT 2009
DTTF trigger with segment in station 1
Any DTTF trigger
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

10. Global Trigger, Global Muon Trigger and Trigger Control System
17 electronics modules of 8 types
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

11. Global Trigger Performance in 2009
Global Trigger is indispensable for data taking and tests involving several or all CMS subsystems
=> close to 100 percent availability of Global Trigger is mandatory
has been achieved
to guarantee availability, the Global Trigger is fully duplicated by a backup system
like vital systems in airplanes and space ships
complete system has been available for over 2 years
a number of modifications has been made upon request by CMS subdetectors for additional functionality
thanks to the flexible design, it has been possible to include the additional functionality by adapting the firmware in the various electronic modules
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

12. Additional trigger paths: extra algorithms
Forward and beam-related detectors: CASTOR calorimeter,
Zero-degree calorimeter (ZDC), beam monitors (BPTX, BSC)
CASTOR
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

13. GMT during cosmics data taking
In cosmics runs, GMT provided final synchronization between individual muon systems (DT, RPC, CSC) – compensating latency differences and reacting to frequent firmware changes.
RPC - DT
CSC top - DT bottom
CSC bottom – DT top
Example before adjustment
Example
before
adjustment
DT trigger efficiency (top side)
GMT data, in combination with reconstructed muon tracks, were used to calculate muon trigger efficiencies either by comparing triggers from different subdetectors (e.g. DT and RPC) or by comparing triggers at top and bottom side of the experiment
Masked sector
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

14. Upgrade work and future Plans
mTCA Global Trigger board
Built a new optical input board for the Global Trigger (PSB board, details in report of Electronics Department)
Work on upgrade projects for Super-LHC
Develop new Global Trigger, possibly in mTCA technology (advantages: single type of boards, compact, fewer boards)
Participate in new developments for Regional Muon Trigger
mTCA Crate
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

15. Positions of Group Members
TRIGGER and DATA ACQUISITION
Institution Board Chair for Trigger and DAQ (Wulz, since Aug. 2009)
Deputy Trigger Project Manager (Wulz, since 2007)
Trigger Technical Coordinator (Mikulec, since 2008)
Trigger Detector Performance Group Leader and
Level-1 Trigger Offline Software Convener (Ghete, since 2009)
Global Level-1 Trigger Coordinator (Jeitler, since 2008)
Subeditor for Trigger Coordination (Wulz, since Nov. 2007)
Member of Editorial Board for Tridas (Wulz, since 2003)
CMS-WIDE
Member of Advisory Board to Collaboration Board (Wulz, since 2009)
Chair of Spokesperson Election Committee (Wulz, 2009)
Member of Authorship Committee (Wulz, since March 2009)
Member of WLCG Collaboration Board (Wulz, since 2007)
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

16. Tridas (Trigger and Data Acquisition) Project
Institution Board
Chairperson
C.-E. Wulz
Technical Coordinator
Trigger: I. Mikulec
DAQ: A. Racz
Trigger Project Manager
J. Varela
Deputy: C.-E. Wulz
Tridas Project Managers
F. Meijers, J. Varela
DAQ Project Manager
F. Meijers
Muons
M. Dallavalle
Calorimeters
P. Klabbers
Global
M. Jeitler
Detector Control System
F. Glege
DAQ Integration
Data to surface
Ch. Schwick
Event Filter
E. Meschi
Level-1 Trigger Steering Committee
J. Brooke, V. Ghete, L. Guiducci, M. Magrans de Abril, I. Mikulec, J. Varela, C.-E. Wulz
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

17. Awards I. Magrans de Abril
CMS Thesis Award for best technological thesis
2008 (subject: Trigger Supervisor)
C. Hartl
CMS Achievement Award 2008 for critical
contributions to the Global Trigger
Nominations of group members for CMS Lifetime Awards, to be selected by Dec. 2009
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

18. Papers under Group Responsibility (since 2005)
Refereed Journals (5)
* The CMS Drift Tube Trigger Track Finder (13 group authors, 6 others)
J. Erö, Ch. Deldicque, M. Galánthay, H. Bergauer, M. Jeitler, K. Kastner, B. Neuherz, I. Mikulec, M. Padrta,
H. Rohringer, H. Sakulin, A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz
2008 JINST 3 S08004
* Measurement Technology for the CMS Experiment (1 group author)
C.-E. Wulz, Invited article for Special Issue on Metrological Aspects of Accelerator Technology and HEP Experiments
Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 (2007)
* Design and Development of a Graphical Setup Software for the CMS Global Trigger (6 group authors)
Ph. Glaser, T. Nöbauer, H. Bergauer, M. Padrta, A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz
IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. Vol 53 Nr. 3 (2006)
* Conceptual Design of the CMS Trigger Supervisor (2 group authors + 1 other)
I. Magrans de Abril, C.-E. Wulz (Vienna), J. Varela (Lisboa, CERN)
IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. Vol 53 Nr. 2 (2006)
* The efficiency of the CMS Level-1 Trigger for supersymmetric events (10 group authors, 2 others)
L. Boldizsar, J. Erö, M. Fierro, P. Hidas, A. Jeitler, N. Neumeister, P. Porth, H. Rohringer, L. Rurua, H. Sakulin,
A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz
Eur. Phys. J. C 40, s2.1-s2.13 (2005)
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

19. Papers with Group collaboration (since 2005)
Refereed Journals (3)
* The CMS Experiment at the CERN LHC (21 group authors, many others; editor of Trigger chapter)
CMS Collaboration
W. Adam et al.
2008 JINST 3 P08006
* Results of the first integration test of the CMS drift tubes muon trigger (2 group authors, 82 others)
M. Aldaya et al.
Ch. Deldicque, J, Erö
Nucl. Instr. Meth. A579 (2007)
* The CMS High Level Trigger (14 group authors, many others)
CMS Trigger and Data Acquisition Group,
W. Adam, T. Bergauer, C. Deldicque, J. Erö, R. Frühwirth, M. Jeitler, K. Kastner, S. Kostner, N. Neumeister,
M. Padrta, P. Porth, H. Rohringer, H. Sakulin, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, G. Walzel, C.-E. Wulz
Eur. Phys. J. C 46 (2006)
Approximately 20 papers about the 2008 cosmic runs are close to completion.
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

20. Conference Proceedings (since 2005)
* The CMS Level-1 Trigger Emulation Software, V.M. Ghete
Proc. of the Proc. of the 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Prague, 21 – 27 March 2009
Commissioning of the CMS Trigger, H. Rohringer, for the CMS Trigger Group
Proc. of the 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Philadelphia, USA, 29 July - 5 Aug. 2008
CMS Commissioning, I. Mikulec
Proc. of Science, SISSA, POS (2008LHC) 029
* Trigger Systems at LHC Experiments, M. Jeitler
Proc. of 10th Int. Conf. on Instrumentation and Colliding Beam Physics, Novosibirsk, 28 Feb. - 5 Mar. 2008,
NIM A 598 (2008)
* Status and Commissioning of the CMS Experiment at CERN, C.-E. Wulz
Proc. of Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Manchester, UK, July 2007,
* Enhancing the User Interface of the Level-1 Trigger of the CMS Experiment, M. Magrans de Abril, I. Magrans de Abril
Proc. of Real Time Conference, Fermilab, Batavia, USA, 29 Apr. - 4 May 2007
* The level-1 global trigger for the CMS experiment, M. Jeitler et al.,
Proc. of the 12th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments, Valencia, Spain, Sep. 2006, JINST 2 P01006 (2007)
* Kaon Physics: Present and Future, I. Mikulec
Proc. of 4th International Workshop on Frontier Science, Milan, Bicocca, Italy, Sep. 2005,
Milan 2005, New frontiers in subnuclear physics,
* The CMS Experiment at CERN, C.-E. Wulz
Proc. of SPIE International Congress on Optics and Optoelectronics, 29 Aug. - 2 Sep. 2005, 5948, (2005)
* Implementation and Test of the First-Level Global Muon Trigger of the CMS Experiment, H. Sakulin, A. Taurok
Proc. of 11th Workshop on Electronics for LHC and Future Experiments, Heidelberg, Germany, Sep. 2005
* The CMS Trigger Supervisor Project, I. Magrans de Arbril
Proc. of IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Puerto Rico, USA, Oct (2005)
Total number of conference proceedings: 11
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

21. Invited Talks (since 2005) Total number of invited talks: 11
* Design Principles of the CMS Level-1 Trigger Control and Hardware Monitoring System
Magrans de Abril, IEEE NPSS Real Time Conference, Beijing, 14 May 2009
* The CMS L1 Trigger Emulation Software
V.M. Ghete, 17th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Prague, 26 March 2009
* CMS Commissioning
I. Mikulec, 4th Conference on Physics at LHC, Split, Croatia, 29 Sep. - 4 Oct. 2008
* LHC und Österreichs Beteiligung am Compact Muon Solenoid
C.-E. Wulz, Fachausschuss für Lehrkräfte an Höheren Schulen, ÖPG, Leoben, Austria, 5 Sep. 2008
* Trigger Systems at LHC Experiments
M. Jeitler, 10th Int. Conference on Instrumentation and Colliding Beam Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, 28 Feb. - 5 Mar. 2008
* Status and Commissioning of the CMS Experiment at CERN
C.-E. Wulz, Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Manchester, UK, 21 July 2007
* Overview of the CMS Experiment
C.-E. Wulz, Four Seas Conference, Iasi, Romania, 30 May 2007
* The CMS Experiment at CERN
C.-E. Wulz, SPIE International Congress on Optics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw, Poland, 31 Aug. 2005
* Fundamentale Fragen der Teilchenphysik
C.-E. Wulz, Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, Vienna, 3 May 2005
* CP-Verletzung im Kaonsystem: experimentelle Aspekte
M. Jeitler, Institut für Theoretische Kernphysik, TU Wien, 24 Oct. 2005
* Kaon Physics: Present and Future
I. Mikulec, 4th International Workshop on Frontier Science, Milan, Bicocca, Italy, Sep. 2005
Total number of invited talks: 11
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

22. Contributed Talks and Posters (since 2005)
* Event selection by the trigger of the CMS experiment at CERN’s LHC accelerator, Ch. Hartl,
Joint Annual Meeting of ÖPG, SPS, ÖGAA, Innsbruck, 3 Sep. 2009
* Control and Monitoring of the CMS Global Trigger, Ch. Hartl et al.,
CMS Achievement Award Ceremony, June 2009
* The Trigger Control System of the CMS Level-1 Trigger, M. Jeitler et al.,
11th Pisa meeting on advanced detectors, La Biodola, Elba, 24 – 30 May 2009
* Der CMS Level-1 Trigger am LHC, F. Teischinger
Fachausschuss für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, ÖPG, Aflenz, 22 Sep. 2008
* Commissioning of the CMS Trigger, H. Rohringer
34th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Philadelphia, USA, 29 July - 5 Aug. 2008
* Level-1 Global Trigger for SLHC, A. Taurok
Workshop on SLHC, Paris, 11 Apr. 2008
* The Control and Hardware Monitoring System of the CMS Level-1 Trigger, I. Magrans de Abril
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Honolulu, USA, 31 Oct. 2007
* Die Nadel im Heuhaufen: Der Trigger des Experiments CMS am CERN-Beschleuniger, M. Jeitler
Fachausschuss für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, ÖPG, Langenlois, 24 Sep. 2007
* The level-1 global trigger for the CMS experiment, M. Jeitler
12th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments, Valencia, Spain, 23 Sep. 2006
* The CMS Trigger Supervisor Project, I. Magrans de Arbril
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Puerto Rico, USA, Oct. 2005
* Fundamentale offene Fragen der Hochenergiephysik, C.-E. Wulz
Fachausschuss Kern- und Teilchenphysik, ÖPG, Wien, 28 Sep. 2005
* Implementation and Test of the First-Level Global Muon Trigger of the CMS Experiment, H. Sakulin
11th Workshop on Electronics for LHC and Future Experiments, Heidelberg, Germany, 13 Sep. 2005
Total number of contributed talks and posters: 12
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

23. Invited Public Lectures (since 2005)
* Reise zum Beginn des Universums
C.-E. Wulz, Forum Time and Faith, Vienna, 15 Jan. 2009
* Elementary Particles and how we can detect them at LHC
M. Jeitler, TU Forum, Vienna, 11 Nov. 2008
* Systemintegration beim CMS-Teilchendetektor
T. Nöbauer
Metalab, Wien, 11 Apr. 2008
* Jagd auf Higgs und Co.
C.-E. Wulz
German Society for Aviation and Space Flight, Immenstaad, Germany, 29 March 2007
* Von den kleinsten Teilchen bis zum Kosmos
University Meets Public, VHS Meidling, Wien, 13 Dec. 2006
University Meets Public, VHS Brigittenau, Wien, 5 April 2006
University Meets Public, VHS Favoriten, Wien, 4 April 2006
* Der Pfeil der Zeit
M. Jeitler
University Meets Public, VHS Meidling, Wien, 4 March 2006
* Einführung in die Hochenergiephysik
H. Rohringer
Kitzbühel, 9 Sep. 2005
Total number of invited public lectures: 9
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

24. Summary
The CMS Trigger Group has delivered crucial components for CMS, without which the experiment could not take data.
These components have been in constant use and have worked well overall.
We have participated in commissioning, shift work, and data analysis of the recent cosmic ray runs.
New concepts and designs for triggering at Super-LHC are being developed.
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

25. BACKUP
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

26. New hardware: optical PSB
the only hardware change planned for the near future concerns the connection between “Global Calorimeter Trigger” and “Global Trigger”
high-speed (gigahertz) galvanic links will be replaced by more reliable optical links
present design can and will still be used for LHC startup operation
a new “Pipelined Synchronized Buffer” (PSB) board has been built for the Global Trigger
will be equipped with “daughterboards” with optical receivers, which are built by the Imperial College (UK) group
firmware currently under development
first connection tests planned for end of 2009
will be used for data taking after 2009/2010 run
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

27. Additional trigger paths: extra algorithms
original design of CMS level-1 trigger:
inputs from muon detectors and calorimeters can be combined in logical expressions (“algorithms”)
additional “technical” triggers cannot be combined but are just added into the trigger menu “OR”
or can be used to veto trigger
recent requests for additional “algorithms” have been accommodated
up to 64 additional signals from any subdetector can be fed into the “Global Trigger Logic (GTL)” board
arrive as LVDS (low-voltage differential signals) over up to 16 cables
so far, requests have been accepted from beam monitors (“BPTX”, “BSC”), zero-degree calorimeter (“ZDC”) and the “CASTOR” detector
firmware framework and software (menu editor) been developed
allow to quickly prepare the concrete firmware for a given trigger menu
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

28. Online Software GT Trigger Monitor GUI
GT Run Settings GUI (to allow trigger selection from menu for shifter)
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz

29. GT Configuration Editor
Configuration Editor can be used to edit configurations of all L1 subsystems
21 Sep. 2009
C.-E. Wulz