1. Sui, Tang, & Song China

2. Fall of the Han, Rise of Sui (‘sway’)
Mass chaos towards end of Han
Sui dynasty re-unites China
China’s 1st professional army
Built the Grand Canal – largest artificial river in world today
- linked major Chinese cities for trade and communication within China
Also fortified and strengthened the Great Wall
(6 min)

3. Fall of Sui, Rise of Tang Sui doesn’t last long (like the Qin)
Tang dynasty founded Tang Taizong, laid foundation for China’s golden age
Expanded empire into North China, Korea, and as far west as Afghanistan

4. Increased power of scholar-gentry bureaucrats over aristocrats
Bureaucrats educated in Confucianism
Exams became more difficult and expanded
Those who passed most difficult exams called jinshi
Could rise in social status by performing well on exams

5. How do you think the exam worked?
First, brainstorm some words that you think describe EOC or any standardized testing.
How long do you think the Chinese civil service exam lasted?
What do you think the conditions were like for testing? (where did they take it, what was the place like, etc.)
What do you think was the % that passed?
How old do you think the average person taking the exam was?

6. Civil Service Exam Procedures
Exam lasted between 24 and 72 hours (that’s 1 to 3 days!!!)
Candidates were locked in individual cells with a board for a table and a bucket for a toilet
If a candidate died during the exam, the test officials would roll his body in a mat and throw it over the test compound wall, rather than allowing relatives to come into the examination zone to claim it
Only 1 in 300 candidates passed
There was so much to study that most people did not take the exam for the first time until they were 30
DON’T COMPLAIN ABOUT THE ASPIRE TEST!

7. Examination Hall

8. Religious Changes Mahayana Buddhism Theravada Buddhism
Mostly followed by commoners
Emphasizes the ability to reach nirvana for ALL beings
Today % of Buddhist population
Theravada Buddhism
Very strict on doctrine and monastic life
Today % of Buddhist population
**Where does Zen Buddhism eventually spread to?

9. Fall of Tang & Rise of Song
More on me next!
Empress Wu Zhao ruled Tang from
High taxes
Revolt against Tang due to corrupt emperors
Song dynasty founded by Taizu

10. Emperor Wu: Crazy Lady or Cutthroat Emperor??
Empress Wu started as a concubine of a Tang Dynasty emperor before seizing power for herself
She insisted on being called Emperor, as she believed her power was not below that of any man
Did not like Confucianism…why?

11. Song Dynasty Neo-Confucianism -- a revived form of Confucianism
Developed as a response to growing influence of Daoism and Buddhism
Believes fulfillment comes from participation in the world
Goal is to move beyond material world to reach union with the “Supreme Ultimate”
Less open to outside ideas
Eventually fall to the Mongols

12. Achievements of Tang and Song China
Expansion of trade along Silk Roads
Exported manufactured goods, exported luxury items (silk, tea)
Paper money first used during Tang era
Inventions such as….

13. A seismograph -- measures earthquakes
What is it??
A seismograph -- measures earthquakes

14. What is it??
Playing cards

15. Gunpowder -- first used for…?
What is it??
Gunpowder -- first used for…?

16. What is it??
Clock -- mechanical, powered by water

17. Paper money -- trade is more efficient
What is it??
Paper money -- trade is more efficient

18. What is it??
Moveable type -- increased ability to print books, can be reused over and over

19. Magnetic Compass -- helps who to do what…?
What is it??
Magnetic Compass -- helps who to do what…?

20. Abacus -- used for counting/trade
What is it??
Abacus -- used for counting/trade

21. What is it?? Porcelain -- luxury item on Silk Road
What do you think it’s nicknamed?? Why???

22. Sui, Tang, & Song Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51dLMpNziAo
(5 min)

23. THE MONGOLS

25. Mongols From central Asia
Pastoralists – Nomadic, herded sheep and horses
Lived in family-based clans

26. The Yurt

27. Warfare Technology Tactics Saddles Stirrups Bows and arrows
Used extra horses to travel great distances in a day
Speed
Surprise
Ruthless -- used fear and intimidation

28. Genghis Khan Title Conquered: Used clever tactics and fear Died 1227
Means “universal ruler”
Conquered:
Northern China
Central Asia
Persia
Used clever tactics and fear
Died 1227
After his death empire expanded into other areas of Asia by his son, Ogadi

30. Mongol Treatment of Conquered People
Tolerated religious differences
Patrolled trade routes -- encouraged trade and diffusion
Collected tribute from non-resistant foes
Mongol Peace (Pax Mongolica)
Trading and commercial networks expanded
Exchange of knowledge between Europe, Middle East, China
Disease also spread

31. Kublai Khan Genghis Khan’s grandson
United China for the first time in 300 years
Spent almost his entire life in China
Built grand capitol at Xanadu -- spend lots of $$ on art & luxuries
Established the Yuan Dynasty

32. Yuan Dynasty Economy Europeans Marco Polo Highway systems
Protected trade routes across Asia
Europeans
Sent ambassadors
Christian missionaries
Marco Polo
Venetian trader (merchant)
Traveled silk roads by caravan
Traveled China working for Kublai Khan
(2 min)
(6 min)

33. Problems for Kublai Distrust of Chinese officials
Appointed foreigners to government posts
Had no local loyalties
Overtaxed farmers
Became disconnected from his people
Attempted to invade Japan
Failed miserably
Mongol fleet destroyed by “kamikaze” (typhoon) means “Divine Wind”
Spent too much money

34. Ming dynasty began with the overthrow of the Mongols in 1368.
Mongol Legacy
Ming dynasty began with the overthrow of the Mongols in 1368.
Mongols success resulted from ability to adapt new technology and strategies, employed non-Mongols to govern (in-direct rule)
Stimulated trade and exchange (cultural diffusion)
Areas nearby developed a stronger regional identity (common enemy creates unity) -- benefits from increased trade, exchange of ideas and technology
(11 min)