1. The Skeletal System
Support Systems
Unit 2

2. The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System
Hematopoiesis
The process of producing blood cells in the red bone marrow
Structure/Support
Provides a rigid framework that supports the soft tissues of the body and maintains the body’s shape

3. Functions cont. C. Movement Facilitation D. Mineral Storage
Bones serve as levers to convert muscular contraction to movement
Serves as a point of attachment for ligaments, tendons, and muscles
D. Mineral Storage
Bones store calcium in bone matrix

4. Bone Anatomy Epiphysis – end Diaphysis – shaft Articular Cartilage
Epiphyseal line (growth plate)
Spongy bone
Diaphysis – shaft
Compact bone
Articular Cartilage
Covers ends of bone, reduces friction
Periosteum –covering of bone

5. Bones of the Cranium

6. Frontal Bone
Forms the forehead
Forms the roof of the eye sockets

7. Parietal bone Consists of two bones
Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

8. Occipital Bone The base of the cranial cavity
Prominent posterior portion

9. Temporal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the lower sides of the
cranium and part of the cranial floor

10. Sphenoid Temple bone Makes up part of cranial floor
Makes up part of orbit
Looks like butterfly/bat

11. Zygomatic
Cheek bones

12. Mandible
The Lower Jaw

13. Maxilla
The Upper Jaw

15. The Vertebral Column

16. The Vertebral Column Composed of 33 bones
Encloses and protects the spinal cord
Supports the head

17. Bones of the Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck
Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs
Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back
Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones
Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbone

18. Bones of the Thoracic Cavity
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Ribs
True (1-7)
False (8-10)
Floating (11-12)

19. Bones of the Upper Extremities

20. Humerus (upper arm)
Radius (thumb side)
Ulna (little finger side)
Carpals (wrist)
Metacarpals (hand)
Phalanges (fingers)

21. Bones of the Pelvis

22. Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

23. Bones of the Lower Extremities

24. Femur (thigh)
Patella (knee cap)
Tibia (shin)
Fibula (outside leg)
Tarsals (ankle)
Metatarsals (foot)
Phalanges (toes)

25. Joints Definition Types Any location where 2 bones meet
Many joints are freely moveable joints such as the shoulder, elbow, knee, etc.

26. Joints
Types cont.
Some joints allow little to no movement such as the sutures of the skull (immoveable)

27. Allows for extension and flexion
Hinge Joints
Allows for extension and flexion
of an appendage

28. Bones slide past each other
Gliding Joints
Bones slide past each other

29. Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction
Ball and Socket Joints
Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

30. Ligaments Ligaments attach bone to bone
They provide much of the support for our freely movable joints

31. Diseases - Fractures Types of fractures Closed or simple fracture
The bone is broken and the skin is intact
Open or compound fracture
The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone

32. Fractures (continued)
Signs and symptoms
Pain upon palpation (touching)
Pain with movement
Obvious deformity
Caused by trauma
Treatment: Immobilization for 6-8 weeks
Compound fractures may require surgery

33. Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

34. Scoliosis Signs & Symptoms Cause Treatment
One hip or one shoulder higher than the other
Back pain
Muscle spasms
Cause
imbalance of muscles
leg length discrepancy
Treatment
Bracing, physical therapy, shoe inserts, surgery

35. Osteoarthritis
Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

36. Osteoarthritis Cause: normal wear and tear on the joints
May be specifically causes by:
Obesity
Injury to a joint that is not cared for properly
Signs & Symptoms
Joint soreness, aching, stiffness, and swelling
Bone spurs may develop which increases pain and loss of motion
Treatment includes:
pain relievers, steroids, and surgical joint replacement

37. Sprain
The stretching or tearing of a ligament.

38. Sprain cont. 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree
The stretching of a ligament causing micro-tears in the tissue
2nd degree
partial tear
3rd degree
complete rupture
Signs & Symptoms include pain, swelling, joint laxity, instability
Treat with RICE

39. Careers
Radiologist

40. Radiology Technician
Perform diagnostic imaging examinations, such as x rays and MRIs, on patients
Associate’s degree
Salary: about $54,000

41. Chiropractor
Treat patients with problems of the neuromusculoskeletal system (usually the neck and back)
Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) degree and a state license
Salary: about $66,000

42. Physical Therapist
Help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree
Salary: about $80,000/yr

43. Physical Therapy Assistant
Help patients who are recovering from injuries and illnesses regain movement and manage pain
Associate’s degree from an accredited physical therapist assistant program
Salary: about $52,000/yr

44. Physical Therapy Aide
Help patients who are recovering from injuries and illnesses regain movement and manage pain
High school diploma and on-the-job training
Salary: about $24,000/yr

45. Orthopedic Surgeon
Branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system
Four years of undergraduate education and four years of medical school; five-year residency in orthopedic surgery training.
Salary: about $415,000/yr