1. Introduction to Earth Science!!!

2. What is Earth Science?
Earth Science is the study of earth and it’s events. Not just solid earth, but everything it’s a part of. Ex. the air surrounding the earth (atmosphere)

3. What is Earth Science? What are the 4 branches of E.S.? Geology
Astronomy
Meteorology
Oceanography
Read pgs. 2-3

4. Which picture belongs to which branch of Earth Science?
METEOROLOGY

5. Which branch?
GEOLOGY

6. How about this branch?
ASTRONOMY

7. Last but not least….
OCEANOGRAPHY

8. Geology- Study of the Earth’s origin, history and structure.

9. Activities of Today’s Geologists
What are some activities?
TOPIC 2
pg. 4

10. Astronomy- the study of space and the universe

11. Topic 3- What Astronomers do

12. Meteorology- the study of weather and climate

13. Topic 4- What Meteorologists Do

14. Oceanography- the study of the oceans.

15. What Oceanographers Do

16. Question: Where does the study of Earth Science begin?
Origin of the Earth  the solar system
Hypothesis: an informed guess that tries to explain how or why an event occurs
The hypothesis of the formation of the solar system must include the following facts about the solar system:

17. All planets move around the sun (revolve) in the same direction, counterclockwise 2. The paths (orbits) of the planets are all nearly circular 3. Most of the orbits are in nearly the same flat surface (plane)

18. The most accepted hypothesis for explaining the origin of the solar system is the protoplanet hypothesis

19. Protoplanet Hypothesis-
The theory that the solar system formed from a huge rotating cloud of dust and gas 5-10 billion years

20. Over time the cloud shrank due to the pull of its own gravity and began to rotate faster and faster like a spinning whirlpool
Compression in middle became great, and material in the center became so hot a powerful reaction occurred = THE SUN turning on!

21. Cloud material that was leftover formed a plate-like disc surrounding the sun

22. Friction within the disc caused mass to start to collect, and these masses called protoplanets later turned into our planets

24. Proto-planet Earth Early Earth didn’t have oceans or an atmosphere.
One way heat was added to proto-Earth was
Meteorites

25. “earth’s layers were formed”
The earth was so hot that rocks melted and iron in the rocks sank toward the core. Molten earth materials separated into layers
“earth’s layers were formed”

26. Early Earth Repeated volcanic eruptions released steam and gases
The steam slowly condensed to form water that accumulated as

27. OCEANS

28. Sunlight then broke apart water molecules (H2O) to form free oxygen and more oxygen was added to the atmosphere over time by photosynthesis by plants

29. Structure of Solid Earth
Scientists believe the protoplanet earth was the same material throughout the entire planet including the center. As temperatures increased more materials melted and separated out by density. The less dense rock moving toward the surface and the more dense materials becoming the core.

30. The following model describes present earth
Inner Core km in diameter, made of solid iron and nickel
Outer Core km thick and made of liquid iron and nickel

31. Mantle- 2900 km thick layer of rocks rich in iron, magnesium and silicon.
Crust- layer of lighter rock, km thick.

32. Heliocentric Model “Helio” in Greek means “The Sun”
The heliocentric model is sun-centered.
The planets revolve around the sun

33. So what is the Geocentric Model?
“Geo” means Earth
People once believed the Earth was the center of the Universe.
All objects revolved around the earth
Through scientific experiments and space exploration they were proved wrong.

34. Bell Ringer Questions (Reference Tables)
The bedrock of Syracuse is from what geological period? (pg. 3)
SILURIAN

35. Oxygen is _______ percent by mass in the Earth’s crust
Question #2 (pg. 1)
Oxygen is _______ percent by mass in the Earth’s crust
46.40

36. What is the density of Jupiter?
Question #3 – Pg. 15
What is the density of Jupiter?
1.3 g/cm3

37. What is the Composition* of the mineral named Quartz?
Question #4 – Pg. 16
What is the Composition* of the mineral named Quartz?
SiO2

38. Reference Table Warm-Up
The Gulf Stream current near Eastern North America is a warm or cool current? (pg. 4)
Warm

39. Ref. Table Question (pg.10-14)
This symbol is what kind of front?
Pg. 13- Warm Front

40. Ref. Table Question (pg. 13)
What is the approximate room temperature in degrees Celsius?
20 degrees Celsius

41. Ref Table Question (pg. 13)
What is the wind speed in knots?
15 knots

42. A lot of feathers for wind speed of a few?
Hurricane Ike
A lot of feathers for wind speed of a few?
A LOT!!!

43. Ref. Table Question (pg. 7-11)
What is the density of the inner core?
Pg. 10….The answer is g/cm3