1. Section 2, p
Chapter 5

2. The cycling of materials
What element is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?
Carbon

3. The cycling of materials
Carbon Cycle
The process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, and organisms.
CO2 is the main source of carbon in the atmosphere

4. Carbon Cycle

5. Carbon Cycle Carbon is released into the atmosphere as CO2 through:
Respiration
In animals AND PLANTS
Burning of fossil fuels
Burning wood,
oil, gas, etc.

6. Carbon Cycle Carbon (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere through:
Photosynthesis
Plants and protists convert CO2 to O2
Diffusion into ocean (and other bodies of water)
CO2 gas dissolves
into the oceans waters

7. Carbon Cycle Carbon going back into the earth through:
A living organisms death and decomposition
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins over time turn into fossil fuels
CO2 diffused in water turn to carbonates
Animals such as coral and shelled creatures use this to make their hardened homes/bodies
Over time turns into limestone
One of the largest carbon sinks of earth

8. Carbon Cycle

9. Carbon Cycle Art Objects: Actions:
Draw a depiction of the carbon cycle labeling the movement of carbon throughout the earth and atmosphere with arrows (pg. 124 is helpful)
The following need to be incorporated in picture:
Objects:
Plants
Atmosphere
CO2
Water
Animals
Oxygen
Fossil Fuels
Actions:
Decomposition
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Combustion (burning)
Erosion
Dissolving

10. The cycling of materials
Nitrogen Cycle
The process by which nitrogen is cycled between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms.
N2 (Nitrogen gas) is the main source of nitrogen in the atmosphere

11. Nitrogen Cycle

12. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen (N2) is removed from the atmosphere through:
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria turn atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia NH3
Many of these nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of plants known as legumes
Can you name some legumes?
Lightning also fixes nitrogen

13. Nitrogen Cycle

14. Nitrogen Cycle Side note:
Legumes are known to be higher in protein than other plants. Why do you think this is?
What are the main building blocks of proteins?
What elements do they contain?

15. Amino Acids

16. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrification
Bacteria take the nitrogen in ammonia and turn it into a form plants can use [ammonium (NH4+) and nitrates (NO3-)]

17. Nitrogen Cycle Assimilation
The process in which the plants and animals take up the nitrates into their cells

18. Nitrogen Cycle Ammonification
The death of a plant or animal or the waste excretion by an animal is the initial form of organic nitrogen
Many bacteria and fungi convert this organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4+)
Remember this ammonium can be taken back up by living plants

19. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is released into the atmosphere as N2 through:
Denitrification
Anaerobic bacteria turn nitrates (NO3-) and ammonium into atmospheric nitrogen (N2)
These bacteria are found deep in the soil or near water

20. Phosphorus and Nitrogen
Used in fertilizers to optimize plant growth and size
However, excess fertilizer runs off into bodies of water
This can result in algal bloom (rapid, overabundant growth of algae)

21. Algal Bloom

22. Algal Bloom

23. Nitrogen
Nitric oxide is released in the air from our cars and can form nitric acid in the atmosphere
This can lead to acid rain

24. The Phosphorus Cycle Chapter 5
Section 2 The Cycling of Materials
Chapter 5
The Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus is an element that is part of many molecules that make up the cells of living organisms.
Plants get the phosphorus they need from soil and water, while animals get their phosphorus by eating plants or other animals that have eaten plants.
The phosphorus cycle is the cyclic movement of phosphorus in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.

25. Section 2 The Cycling of Materials
Chapter 5
The Phosphorus Cycle

26. The Phosphorus Cycle Chapter 5
Section 2 The Cycling of Materials
Chapter 5
The Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus may enter soil and water when rocks erode. Small amounts of phosphorus dissolve as phosphate, which moves into the soil.
Plants absorb phosphates in the soil through their roots.
Some phosphorus washes off the land and ends up in the ocean.
Because many phosphate salts are not soluble in water, they sink to the bottom and accumulate as sediment.