1. FROM INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS TO QUALITY ENHANCEMENT WILL IT ENHANCE EFFECTIVENESS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION? CONSTANCE L. HOWELLS EASTFIELD COLLEGE GABRIELA BORCOMAN BILL J PRIEST INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2. What is institutional effectiveness? Ability of an institution to match its performance to its established purposes as stated in its mission (Peter Ewell) Closely related to planning (Alfred, Nichols, Roueche) …ongoing, comprehensive, and institutionally integrated system composed of several layers of complementary processes of planning and evaluation (SACS?)

3. What is institutional effectiveness? …ongoing, comprehensive, and institutionally integrated system comprised of several layers of complementary processes of planning and evaluation (SACS 1998 17). ….deciding factor in assessing institutional effectiveness is the extent to which it achieves its goals and objectives(MSA/CHE 1994, 16).

4. WHAT IS QUALITY ENHANCEMENT? AKA Continuous Quality Improvement (Deming) Total Quality Improvement Quality Improvement Quality Enhancement – (SACS)

5. WHAT IS QUALITY? ISO 9000 Internationally accepted standard defining the concept of quality “...the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs”

6. WHAT IS QUALITY ENHANCEMENT? W. Edwards Deming – Continuous Quality Improvement Quality defined by the customer Understanding and reducing variation are vital in every process All significant long-lasting improvement must emanate from top management’s commitment to improvement Change and improvement must be continuous and involve every member of an organizations and must include suppliers. (Gabor, 1990)

7. WHAT IS QUALITY ENHANCEMENT? SACS – Quality Enhancement ….expects institutions to dedicate themselves to enhancing the quality of their programs and services within the context of their missions, resources, and capacities, and creating an environment in which teaching, research, and learning occur. (Principals of Accreditation – SACS www.sacscoc.org/accrrevproj.aspwww.sacscoc.org/accrrevproj.asp )

8. WHAT IS QUALITY ENHANCEMENT? SACS – Quality Enhancement “….quality enhancement is at the heart of the Commission’s philosophy of accreditation is at the heart of the Commission’s philosophy of accreditation; …Although evaluation of an institution’s educational quality and its effectiveness is a difficult task, requiring careful analysis and professional judgment, an institution is expected to document quality and effectiveness in all its major aspects.” (Principals of Accreditation – SACS www.sacscoc.org/accrrevproj.aspwww.sacscoc.org/accrrevproj.asp )

9. APPLICATION OF CONCEPT OF QUALITY TO UNIVERSITIES (Europe) Quality = relationship between customer orientation and service being performed Customer = Student/research and development, consumers, those who need new information Responsibility= Those in charge/each individual (Johnny Lindstrom)

10. HOW DOES IE AND QE DIFFER? IE MEASURES DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHERE YOU ARE AND WHERE YOUR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ARE. QE MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF IMPROVEMENT EFFECTIVENESS PLANS TEND TO BE MORE INDIVIDUALIZED WITH EACH UNIT SELECTING THEIR OWN GOALS AND OUTCOME MEASURES

11. IN WHAT WAYS ARE QE AND IE SIMILAR? Both include planning Both use evaluation/measurement Both stress improvement Both require “buy-in” or participation from various parts of the institution

12. QUALITY ENHANCEMENT Concepts Starts and ends with satisfying customers’ needs Continuous improvement of every process to meet internal and external customers’ needs Use statistics to measure variation (Seymour, 1993)

13. QUALITY ENHANCEMENT Principles Quality is meeting and exceeding customer needs Quality is everyone’s job Quality is continuous improvement Quality is leadership Quality is human resource development Quality is recognition and reward Quality is teamwork Quality is measurement Quality is systematic problem-solving

14. INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS PRINCIPLES Concise statement of institutional mission and objectives Identification of intended departmental outcomes Means of assessment Assessment of how much/whether of outcomes and objectives Use of assessment results to improve or adjust institutional outcome or purpose Dr. James Nichols

15. QUALITY ENHANCEMENT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Customers are: –Internal customers: faculty, administrators –External customers: students, students’ parents, prospective students, donors, media, community, regulatory agencies etc The customer: recipient of service The customer should be satisfied Customers are satisfied by services (instruction), object (degree), or money (higher income) (Seymour, 1993)

16. QUALITY ENHANCEMENT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Higher education must respond to the “multi-customer” requirements Students do not care about standard quality measures used by accrediting agencies, legislative bodies, or faculty committees Research the needs of specific customers (Seymour, 1993)

17. QUALITY ENHANCEMENT PROCESSES Quality is achieved understanding and continuously improving the processes that give rise to problems. There is no end to the improvement process Improvement process must include everybody in the institution (Seymour, 1993)

18. QUALITY ENHANCEMENT PDCA PLAN –Design courses to meet students’ needs DO –Teach courses based on typical students and circumstances CHECK –Assess how students use learning –Survey students’ opinion ACT –Modify according to assessment findings

19. NTCCC IE/QE SURVEY 2003-2004 Sent to North Texas Community College Consortium Membership via on-line 55% return rate Purpose of survey –Determine whether institutions are using quality enhancement or institutional effectiveness process or both –Determine what changes are going be or have been implemented due to changes in SACS requirements

20. NTCCC IE/QE SURVEY RESULTS Which of the model types below currently dominates your institution’s effectiveness/quality processes? Response% Institutional Effectiveness Models75% Quality Enhancement/TQM13% Internally Designed Process – Unlike others 13%

21. NTCCC IE/QE SURVEY RESULTS Would you describe your institution’s planning process as more:

22. NTCCC IE/QE SURVEY RESULTS Is your institution currently anticipating changes in the IE/QE processes?

23. NTCCC IE/QE SURVEY RESULTS Is your institution making changes in your IE/Quality process for reasons not related to changes in the SACS ?

24. If you would like to participate in this survey please e-mail Constance Howells at chowells@dcccd.edu

25. SOME CONCLUSIONS Quality enhancement will continue to include components of institutional effectiveness. Some discussions of quality enhancement actually assume institutional effectiveness as one requirement for achieving quality. In adapting quality improvement from business to education, quality enhancement has become a hybrid between quality improvement and institutional effectiveness.

26. SOME CONCLUSIONS The movement from IE to QE has not been universally embraced. IE does not generally consider students as customers not education as a product QE produces questions of “just who are the customers for colleges and universities?” QE produces questions of “what are our products?”