1. Levers & Pulleys Investigations One & Two PowerPoint

2. Simple Machine – Any of the six devices (including levers and pulleys) that provide mechanical advantage.

3. The Six Simple Machines Video Clip (2:18)

4. Machine – A device that uses energy and does work.

5. What is a Machine? Video Clip (0:47)

6. Complex Machine – A machine that is designed using a number of simple machines, often run by a motor.

7. Complex Machines Video Clip (2:51)

8. Force – Energy, such as a push or a pull, that changes the motion or shape of an object.

9. Mechanical Advantage - A measure of how much a machine multiplies the effort force put into it.

10. Effort – The force applied to move a load using a simple machine.

11. Newton (N) - The metric unit used to measure force/effort.

12. 6 Six Simple Machines Lever Family Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley
Inclined Plane Family
Inclined Plane
Wedge
Screw 6

13. Equal-arm Balance – A scale used to compare masses placed at equal distances from the fulcrum.

14. Building the Pyramids of Giza
Video Clip

15. Archimedes’ Water Screw
Vituvius’ Water Wheel

16. Archimedes – A Greek mathematician, engineer, and inventor who studied the way levers work.

17. Archimedes' Simple Machines Video Clip (1:56)

19. Lever - A bar that turns on a fixed point or fulcrum, that is used to move a load. (i.e. seesaw)

20. Lever Video Clip (1:14)

21. Lever Arm – The beam or bar of a lever that is free to pivot on a point.

22. Fulcrum – The point at which a lever arm pivots.

23. Load – The weight or resistance that is moved using a simple machine.

24. Effort – The force applied to move a load using a simple machine

25. The Three Main Parts of a Lever Video Clip (0:50)

26. In a lever, the closer the load is to the fulcrum the less effort it takes to lift the load.
This mechanical advantage comes at a cost, you trade reduced effort for increased distance.

28. Double Lever – A machine that uses two levers working together.

29. Wheel and Axle – A wheel or bar that rotates around an axis.

31. The wheel and axle is sometimes known as a “lever in the round” or a “rotating lever”.

32. Wheel & Axle Video Clip (1:28)

33. Windlass – A wheel-and-axle system used to apply force to a rope while winding it around the axle. (a.k.a. a winch).

34. Wheels make it easier to move things along by reducing friction.

36. Pulley – A wheel with a groove through which a rope runs, that changes the direction of force or multiplies mechanical advantage.

37. Inclined Plane – A simple machine made of a flat, slanted surface, or ramp.

38. Wedge – A double inclined plane that tapers to a point or sharp edge.

39. Screw – An inclined plane wrapped around a center post, creating threads.

40. Two-coordinate graphs – show relationships between two variables.
Levers
Two-coordinate graphs – show relationships between two variables.

41. Advantage – Is a benefit obtained by using a lever (or other simple machine).

42. FLE 123
(Fulcrum)
(Load)
(Effort)
(Class 1)
(Class 2)
(Class 3)

43. F 1 L 2 E 3

44. Class-1 Lever – A lever in which the fulcrum is between the load and the effort

45. Class-1 Lever Examples Include: a hammer, a crowbar, a shovel, and a teeter-totter.

46. Class-2 Lever – A lever in which the load is between the fulcrum and the effort.

47. Class-2 Lever Examples Include: a wheelbarrow, a paper cutter, a door, and a bottle opener.

48. Class-3 Lever – A lever in which the effort is between the fulcrum and the load.

49. Class-3 Lever Examples Include: a fishing pole, a baseball bat, a broom, and your arm.

50. The Three Classes of Levers Video Clip (2:20)

51. Plane – flat surface
Inclined – sloped or at an angle
Inclined Plane –
A flat surface set at an angle, used to
change the
direction of a
force.

52. An inclined plane spreads effort out over distance making the work “easier”.
The longer the inclined plane, the less effort you need to move the load, but the load must move a greater distance.

53. Inclined Plane Video Clip (1:58)

54. An inclined plane? I think not.

55. More Leverage
Diagram – A drawing that describes the relationship of all parts of a system.

56. Investigations One & Two Review Questions
What is the term for the six devices that provide mechanical advantage?
What is a machine?
What is a complex machine?
What is the term for energy that changes the motion or shape of an object?
What is mechanical advantage?
What is the force applied to move a load using a simple machine known as?
Name all six simple machines?
What is a Newton?
What is the term for a bar that turns on fulcrum and moves a load?
What is the term for a wheel or bar that rotates around an axis?

57. What is a pulley?
Which simple machine is made of a flat, slanted surface?
What is a wedge?
What is the term for an inclined plane wrapped around a center post?
What is an equal-arm balance?
Who was Archimedes?
What is a lever arm?
What is the term for the point at which a lever arm pivots?
What is a load?
What is effort?
In which type of lever is the fulcrum between the load and the effort?
What are some examples of class-1 levers?

58. What fulcrum location gives you the most mechanical advantage in a lever?
What is a double lever?
Which simple machine is sometimes referred to as a “rotating lever”?
What is a windlass?
What do wheels help to reduce?
In which type of lever is the load between the fulcrum and the effort?
What are some examples of class-2 levers?
In which type of lever is the effort between the fulcrum and the load?
What are some examples of class-3 levers?
What is the term for a flat surface set at an angle, used to change the direction of a force?
How does an inclined plane make work “easier”?

59. THE END!