1. The INTEGUMENTARY System
Support Systems
Unit 2

2. Functions of the Skin
1. Protection

3. 2. Synthesis of Vitamin D

4. 3. Reception of stimuli
Touch
Pressure
Pain

5. 4. Temperature regulation

6. 5. Protect against UV radiation

7. Layers of the Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

8. Epidermis
Outer layer of skin
Avascular - no blood vessels

9. Dermis Middle layer of skin under the epidermis
Made up of collagen and elastic connective tissue fibers
Contains the blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin

10. Subcutaneous Layer Not part of the true skin (?)
Connective tissue that connects the skin to the muscle and organs underneath
Also called the hypodermis
Contains nerve endings responsible for deep pressure
May contain enlarged fat cells in obese individuals

11. Nails Plates of tightly packed cells of the epidermis
Helps to grasp and manipulate small objects

12. Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)
Glands secrete sweat - a mixture of:
water - salts - amino acids
ammonia - urea - uric acid
sugar -lactic acid -ascorbic acid
Primary function - regulates body temperature by evaporation of water
Eliminates some waste products

14. Sebaceous Glands Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles
Secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts
Keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle
Keeps skin soft and pliable
Inhibits growth of certain bacteria

16. Hair Grows from the epidermis Primary function is protection
guards the scalp from injury and sunlight
eyebrows / eyelashes protect the eye
ears and nostrils keep out foreign objects
Helps regulate body temperature
Touch receptors associated with hair follicles

17. Hair Structures

18. Diseases and Careers
Integumentary
System

19. Acne An inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Much more active at puberty
Affects boys more severely than girls
Caused by bacteria that colonize in the sebaceous follicles
Can be treated with over-the-counter medications or for severe cases, prescription medications

20. Fungus Infections Also known as Mycoses
Common infections caused by the tinea fungus.

21. Athlete’s Foot Infection of the foot and toes Symptoms:
itching, burning, cracked, scaly skin
Treatment:
Antifungal creams

22. Ringworm Not caused by a worm! Symptoms:
Red skin rash in the form of a ring
Treatment:
OTC antifungal creams

23. Jock Itch Infection of the groin area Symptoms:
itchy, burning rash in the groin area
Treatment:
OTC antifungal creams

24. Skin Cancers Cancerous growths of skin tissue
Often caused by prolonged exposure to the sun
Three main types of skin cancers
Basal Cell Carcinomas (Most common)
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Malignant Melanomas (Most serious)

25. ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer
A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E – Evolution or Elevation

27. Careers Dermatologist
Physicians who diagnose and treat patients with skin, mouth, hair and nail disorders
Education: medical school, plus a year of clinical training, plus 3-4 years of residency in dermatology
Salary: $234,000 -$440,000

28. Medical Photographer
Document medical and surgical procedures, medical devices and specimens from autopsy
Education: Degree in photography from a college or university and frequently have a degree in the sciences
Salary: between $46,820-$56,664

29. Physician Assistant
Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients under the supervision of a physician
Education: Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants
Salary: ~$95,000/yr.

30. Plastic Surgeon
Medical doctors who reconstruct and improve the physical appearances of patients by performing cosmetic or reconstructive surgery
Education: Medical school then 6 years of residency then about 1 year of fellowship training.
Salary: $250,000/yr.