1. Skin Disorders
Chapter 8

2. Key Terms Excoriations Keratin Larvae Lichenification Sebum
Use your textbook to define these 9 key terms
Albinism
Atopic
Autoinoculation
Denuded
Excoriations
Keratin
Larvae
Lichenification
Sebum

3. Skin Diagram Color code the following on the skin diagram
Stratum corneum
Stratum basale
Eccrine (sweat) gland
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Smooth (arrector pili) muscle
Bracket & label the epidermis, dermis, & hypodermis

5. Hair follicles
Lined with stratum basale that produces the hair at the matrix
Hair papilla contains capillaries to nourish hair
Connected to arrector pili muscle

6. Arrector pili muscle Smooth muscle
Controlled by sympathetic NS – (fight or flight NS) – part of autonomic NS
Stimulated by emotion or cold

7. Sebaceous gland Open into hair follicle
Produce sebum (oil) which keeps hair & skin soft and helps with waterproofing
Action increases at puberty due to hormone action

8. Eccrine gland Sudoriferous (sweat) gland - Aka. Merocrine gland
Secrete watery sweat for thermoregulation
Secreted directly onto skin surface through a duct
Activated by heat or emotional stress under SNS control

9. Apocrine gland Sudoriferous (sweat) gland
Secrete viscous organic sweat made of proteins & fatty acids – body odor caused by action of normal bacterial flora
Secreted into hair follicle through a duct
Activated by heat or emotional stress under SNS control
Located primarily in axillary (armpit) & ano-genital regions, some on scalp & facial areas

10. 1st line of defense Provide barrier against pathogen invasion
Sebum is slightly acidic & has bactericidal effect
Resident flora also deters invaders

11. Prevention of excessive fluid loss
Keratinized epidermis waterproofs skin

12. Thermoregulation
Vasodilation of BV & evaporation of sweat to cool off body
Vasoconstriction of BV to keep body warm

13. Sensory perception Defense against environmental hazards Learning tool
Communication of emotions, etc.

14. Vitamin D synthesis Synthesis of Vitamin D
Cholesterol molecules in skin cell membranes is converted by UV rays into inactive Vitamin D
Inactive Vitamin D is activated by liver & kidney cells
Active Vitamin D allows body to absorb Calcium from stomach into BV.
No Vitamin D = No Calcium absorption

16. Resident/Normal Flora
Indigenous (normally reside) in specific places on or in body
Helpful in preventing other organisms from colonizing
May cause opportunistic infections which may spread

20. Skin Lesions Go to the following link (also on webpage)
Make flashcards using information from Table 8-1 on Textbook page 143
Study pictures from link above
Not on slide show from webpage
Keloid & Comedone pictures

21. Pruritus: itching sensation
Mechanism not fully understood – release of histamine involved – pain receptors mildly stimulated by irritants
Scratching may lead to secondary infections & subsequent scar tissue.

22. Pruritus: itching sensation
Diagnostic tests
Skin scraping
Culturing & staining
Direct observation
Specific procedures for identification
General treatment
Antihistamines, glucocorticoids
Identification & avoidance of allergens
Compresses
Removal of any precancerous lesions

24. Basic Categories of Skin Disorders
Inflammatory
Infections
Tumors

25. Skin Disorder Charts
You will each be creating a Disorder Portfolio subdivided into Body Systems.
This will be an ongoing project that you will receive a grade for at the end of each quarter.
All information will come from your textbook pages unless your notes state otherwise.
You will also have Quizzes (given in Matching or M/C format) over the disorders