1. 3.05 Remember the structures of the Integumentary System

2. 3.05 Remember the structures of the integumentary system
Essential Questions
What is the structure of the integumentary system?
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
What are some disorders of the integumentary system?
How are integumentary system disorders treated?
How do you relate the integumentary system to the body’s communication systems
3.05 Remember the structures of the integumentary system

3. 7 Functions Protective covering Regulates body temperature
Manufactures Vitamin D
Sensory Function
Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water, and salts
Screens out harmful ultraviolet radiation
Absorbs certain drugs

4. Structure of the skin 2 basic layers Epidermis Dermis
Outermost covering
Epithelial cells
avascular
Dermis
True skin
Connective tissue
vascular

5. 3.05 Remember the structures of the integumentary system
Dermis
contains many structures (organs)
Connective tissue
Collagen tissue bands
Elastic fibers
Numerous blood vessels
Nerve endings
Muscles
Hair follicles
Oil glands
Sweat glands
Fat cells
subcutaneous
3.05 Remember the structures of the integumentary system

6. Epidermis: Stratum Corneum
Outermost layer
In cells, cytoplasm replaced by keratin – making them waterproof
Flat and scale-like cells that flake off
First line of defense against surface bacteria
Thickest – palm of hands & soles of feet

7. Epidermis: Stratum Germinativum
Innermost epidermal layer
Reproductive layer – cells form and push their way up, become keratinized, and replace the top layer
Contains Melanocytes – cells that contain a pigment (Melanin)

8. Melanin
Black, brown, or has a yellow tint – depending on racial origin
The more melanin, the darker the skin
Caucasians don’t have much melanin in their melanocytes
Freckles – patches of melanin
Albinism – no melanin

10. Tanning Sunlight stimulates melanocytes to make melanin
Tanning is produced from UV rays
Prolonged exposure may lead to skin cancer

11. papillae Ridges in stratum germinativum that arise from dermis
Create permanent ridges in fingers, palms, and soles of feet
These “friction ridges” help with grip
Cause “fingerprints”

12. Subcutaneous Layer
Lies under the dermis (not really part of integumentary system)
Made up of loose connective tissue
Contains half of the body’s stored fat
Inner most layer of skin

13. Subcutaneous Layer

14. Appendages of the Skin

15. Hair Almost everywhere on the body
Length, thickness, type and color varies

16. Parts of the Hair Cortex – outer layer Medulla – inner layer
Root – part under the skin
Shaft – part outside the skin
Follicle – pocket in epidermis, hair inside
Papilla – Tuft of tissue in root, contains capillaries

17. Parts of the Hair cont…
Arrector Pili Muscle – smooth muscle attached to follicle (causes “goose bumps”)

18. Nails Nail is formed in the nail bed or matrix
Epidermal cells fused together and fill

19. Sudoriferous Glands Or sweat glands Perspiration is 99% water
Distributed over the entire skin surface
Large numbers under the arms, palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead
Duct extends to form a pore in the skin, perspiration excreted through the pores
May be activated by heat, px, fever, and nervousness
Average fluid loss is 500ml per day.

20. Sebaceous Glands
Secret oil (Sebum) that protects and lubricates the skin.

21. Skin and Microorganisms
Intact skin – best protection against pathogens, toxins, and water loss
Skin generally too dry for microbial growth. They do grow in moist areas
Most skin bacteria associated with hair follicles or sweat glands
Underarm perspiration odor caused by bacteria and perspiration
Best way to prevent the spread of disease is by hand washing!!!!!

22. Functions of the integumentary system
The skin has remarkable ability to heal itself. How does this happen?  This is how…let’s discuss this picture.
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

23. Disorders of the skin

24. Acne Vularis
overproduction of sebum that hardens and clogs pores trapping bacteria and leukocytes and making pus
Also, blackheads, cysts, pimples, and scarring
Rx to dry up the oil, retinol to promote peeling, antibiotics for bacteria

25. Athlete’s Foot Contagious fungal infection
S/sx: blistering between fingers and toes, cracking and scaling skin
Usually contracted in public showers and pools
Rx – antifungal agents - OTC

26. Dermatitis Non-specific inflammation of skin
Can be rash – reaction to soap, plants, etc
Can be emotional stress, can cause skin blotches

27. Eczema Acute or chronic, inflammatory skin disease
Dry, red, itchy, and scaly
Rx – remove or avoid causative agent, hydrocortisone to help alleviate the s/sx

28. Warts (verrucae) Caused by virus HPV - human papiloma virus
Some disappear spontaneously, others removed with liquid nitrogen, chemicals, or laser

29. Impetigo Acute, inflammatory and contagious
Bacterial: Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
Seen in babies and young children
Caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus
staph can be resistant to Rx- MRSA, could potentially become a systemic infection
Characterized by the appearance of vesicles which rupture and develop distinct yellow crusts.

30. M.R.S.A
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.

32. Psoriasis Chronic inflammatory skin disease
Characterized by dry reddish patches which are covered with silvery-while scales
Affects the skin surface over elbows, knees, shins, scalp, and lower back
Cause – unknown
Onsets triggered by stress, trauma, or infection

33. Ringworm Highly contagious fungal infection
Raised, itchy circular patches with crusts
Skin, scalp, or underneath nails
Rx – griseofulvin (drug) – Antifungal cream

34. Urticaria or Hives Itchy wheals or welts
Usually an allergic reaction to drugs, food, etc.
Rx – avoid allergen

35. Boils (carbuncles)
Painful, bacterial infection of hair follicle or sebaceous glands
Caused by staphylococcus organism
Rx – medication for px and itching

36. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Viral infection of nerve endings
Same virus as Chicken Poxs
Chest or abdomen, accompanied by severe px
Rx – medication for px and itching

37. Herpes Simplex I
Viral
Fever blisters or cold sore

38. Genital Herpes-Simplex 2
Viral
Blister in genital area
Spread through sexual contact
Periods of remission and exacerbation
Rx – Acyclovir
Can be passed to newborn during vaginal delivery

39. Scabies Communicable disease Severe itching
Mite burrows in skin, lays eggs, eggs hatch

40. Skin Cancer Associated with exposure to sun (UV rays)
Most common type of cancer in people

41. Basal Cell Carcinoma Most common Least malignant skin cancer
Usually occurs on face
Rx – surgical removal or radiation

42. Sqamous cell carcinoma
Mostly scalp and lower lip
Grows rapidly and metastasizes to lymph nodes
Rx – surgical removal or radiation
Prognosis good with early diagnosis

43. Malignant Melanoma Occurs in melanocytes
Metastasizes to other areas quickly
Appears as brown or black irregular patch that occurs suddenly
A change in an existing wart or mole may indicate melanoma
Rx – surgical removal of melanoma and surrounding area and chemotherapy.

45. Burns
Caused by radiation, sun, boiling water, chemicals, fire, or electricity
Rules of Nines – Measures percent of body burned. Body is divided into 11 areas, each area is 9% of body surface.

46. Disorders of the integumentary system
Burns:
Rule of Nines
Used to quickly assess percentage of body surface burned.
Can be used to determine extent of treatment needed.
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

48. First Degree Burn Superficial Skin red and dry Involves only epidermis
Rx – cold water
Healing within one week

49. Second Degree Burn Epidermis and dermis
Px, swelling, redness, and blistering
Skin may be exposed to infection
Rx – px medication, dry sterile dressing
Healing within 2 weeks

50. Third Degree Burn Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers
S/sx – loss of skin, blackened skin
May be life threatening

51. Skin Lesions

52. Disorders of the integumentary system
Skin lesions:
Compare these types of skin lesions.
Macule
Papule
Pustule
Ulcer
Vesicle
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

53. Pustule - Acne

54. Ulcer – venous stasis ulcer (superficial or decubitus)

55. Tumor
benign epidermal tumor
basal cell carcinoma

56. vesicle
Chickenpox
Herpes simplex

57. Albinism – absence of melanin

58. Alopecia – Baldness

59. Excoriation – abrasion

60. Pruritis
Itching

61. Macule
A flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin. A macule occurs without the presence of physical trauma.

62. Papule
A raised lesion