1. Temperate Deciduous Forest
Logan Garcia
Julian Lacayo
Period 2

2. What makes a temperate deciduous forest unique
It is temperate, meaning it has four seasons
Seasonal change causes leaves to shed off of trees, and some animals to store food and/or hibernate
Has unique wildlife, including porcupines, beavers, weasels, bald eagles, platypus, owls, etc.

3. Climate It is very rainy with about 50-150 cm of rain each year
It is very temperate, as the temperature ranges from around 0℃ in the winter, to about 20-25℃ in the summer
Average temperature is about 50°F

4. Gershmehl’s Nutrient Cycle
B- Biomass (living organisms)
L- Litter (waste from organisms)
S- Soil (decomposition of litter transferring nutrients to soil)
Le- Leeching (rainfall leeching nutrients)
P- Precipitation (added nutrients from rain)
R- Runoff (loss of nutrients through runoff)
W- Weathering (Chemical elements added)

5. World map
Temperate Deciduous Forests can be found in many areas around the world including:
East United States
Most of Europe
East Australia
East China
Most of Japan and Korea
New Zealand
Western Edge of British Columbia

6. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Deciduous Trees
Birch Trees
Oak Trees
Eastern Chipmunk
Red Tailed Hawk
White-Tailed Deer
Coyote
Carpet Moss
Lady Fern
Rocks
Soil
Water
Sunlight
Air
Rain
Hills
Temperature
Temperate Climate

7. Net primary productivity
The total net primary productivity of a temperate deciduous forest is about kilocalories per square meter per year

8. Succession
Succession in this biome usually occurs from pioneer shrubs and grasses to mature trees, and then eventually return back to pioneer shrubs and grasses
When the pioneer shrubs grow and provide enough litter to make the soil fertile, trees begin to grow until they have exhausted their nutrients and starting the cycle over
Disturbances like wildfires and insect infestations can occur and interrupt the cycle

9. habitats 70% is deciduous woodlands Grasslands Marshes
Primarily made up of trees that shed their leaves when it gets cold
Seasonal: warm summers and long cold winters

10. Niches Squirrels bury acorns, which can cause trees to grow
Woodpeckers create nets in trees which other animals can use after they are abandoned
Trees shed leaves with the seasonal and temperature change causing soil to be more fertile

11. FOOD CHAIN

12. Food Web

13. Energy Pyramid
Energy Pyramid shows the flow of energy and the producers/consumers

14. Biomass Pyramid
Biomass shows the relative amounts of biomass at each trophic level

15. Pyramid of Numbers
The pyramid of numbers shows the feeding relationship and the number of organisms at each trophic level

16. Temperate Deciduous Forest Trophic Levels
First Trophic Level (Producers): trees grasses and shrubs
Second Trophic Level (Primary Consumer): herbivores like rodents, squirrels, insects, birds and deer
Third Trophic Level (Secondary Consumers): small predators like birds, opossum, raccoons, snakes and foxes.
Fourth Trophic Levels (Tertiary Consumers): Omnivorous bears and Carnivores cougars

17. Temperate Deciduous Forest Animals and adaptations
Bears, cougars, and other larger mammals hibernate and have a heavy coat for the winter and large claws to climb trees
Squirrels, Chipmunks and some jays gather nuts and seeds and store them in hollow logs or holes for winter
Woodchucks and Raccoons eat as much as possible in summer to hibernate during the winter
Many birds migrate
Animals have thick fur and fat to insulate heat

18. Temperate Deciduous Forest Plants and adaptations
Trees: Ash, beech, birch, maple and oak
Adaptation
In the summer their leaves are broad and green to help capture sunlight for photosynthesis
In winter the loose their leaves and seal places where leaves attach to the branch and loosing their leaves helps them conserve water

19. Human Activity
Temperate deciduous Forest have been affected by human activity…
Logging
Grazing
Deforestation

20. Case study Good Bad Managing the forest
Keeping the land open to the public, while conserving it
Using management tactics like pollarding (trees cut above shoulder length to encourage growth)
Dead wood left to rot to supply nutrients
Recreational areas for biking and hiking are marked out to reduce damage to other areas of the forest
Human population around forests leads to pollution
Threats to forests include human activity like logging and agriculture
High activity in logging because most of the trees are hardwoods, meaning they have denser woods. Intense logging causes massive deforestation
Land is very fertile, making them easy to convert to agriculture which is taken advantage of