1. Drill
What type of transformation do you see in this image? Explain.

2. Applications of Technology
Principles of Design

3. Architecture What is Architecture?
Architecture is the art, science, and profession of
planning, designing, and supervising the
construction of new buildings, landscapes,
communities, and furnishings in their totality,
examining their environment in accordance with
the principles of utility, strength, and aesthetics.

4. What are some the Principles of Design?
There are six (6) Principles of Design. You have already been introduced to one of them in the previous lesson.
Transformation
The following are the remaining Principles of Design.
Axis
Balance
Unity
Rhythm
Hierarchy (Emphasis)

5. Axis
An axis is a line established by two points in space about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a symmetrical or balanced manner.
An axis has a beginning and end point, induces movement, and promotes views along the path. The idea of axis may be reinforced by defining edges along the length.
Teotihuacan (City of the Gods, Mexico Pyramids of the Sun &Moon, Avenue of the Dead, citadel, and market.

6. Balance Types of Symmetry Bilateral Radial Asymmetry
Symmetry: balanced distribution
of equivalent forms, shapes, or spaces on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane, or about a center or axis
Types of Symmetry
Bilateral
Radial
Asymmetry

7. Balance
Bilateral symmetry: one plane dividing the whole arrangement into identical halves
Monticello, Thomas Jefferson
Charlottesville, VA

8. Balance
Radial symmetry: similar halves at any angle around a centerpoint or along a central axis
Villa Rotunda, Palladio
Vicenza, Italy

9. Balance
The difference between Symmetry and Asymmetry

10. Balance
Asymmetry: creating visual balance without parts being identical

11. Unity
Unity: Consistent use of colors, lines, shapes, forms, or textures to create a cohesive design.
How is Unity created in this picture?
Unity has been achieved through the color scheme (white and yellow) and with lines (diagonal lines in the ceiling and skylights and horizontal lines with the kitchen cabinets, entertainment center, and even some of the furnishings).

12. Unity
It is hard to detect the notes and relative pitches of the music above without a staff.
The staff is used as a datum to organize the spacing of notes and
to accentuate the difference between a series of notes.

13. Unity
Unity can also be achieved by organizing shapes and forms around of a building around a line, plane or volume or within a shape or form.
Rooms
Hallway
Rooms

14. Unity Phillip Exeter Academy Library Louis Kahn Exeter, New Hampshire
What is geometric solid is used to create the form of this building? A Cube
All the different functions (ex: circulation desk, staircases, stacks, reading areas) within the library are housed with the cube. Each floor is organized around the atrium (open space in the middle of the building, visible from all floors)
Phillip Exeter Academy Library
Louis Kahn
Exeter, New Hampshire

15. Unity How is Unity created in this picture?
A plane may gather elements or serve as a background for the encompassing elements and frame them in its field
How is Unity created in this picture?

16. Rhythm
Rhythm: patterned repetition/alteration of lines, forms, shapes, colors, or textures in the same or modified form.
Structural patterns incorporate repetition.
Rhythm can be witnessed in the arrangement of rooms in this apartment building.
Unite d’Habitation
Le Corbusier

17. Rhythm
Sydney Opera House, John Utzon
Sydney, Australia
Victorian Houses
San Fransisco, California
In the case of the Sydney Opera house, we witness reverberating patterns. The Victorian houses show multiple rhythms laid over one another in the façade of a building.

18. Rhythm
Rhythm can be
Regular
Random
Graduated

19. Hierarchy (Emphasis)
Hierarchy: articulating the importance of a form/space by its size, shape, or placement relative to other shapes/forms of the organization.
Hierarchy by Size
Hierarchy by Shape
Hierarchy by Placement

20. Hierarchy (Emphasis) Olivetti Training School James Stiling
Haslemere, England
Catherdral dominates urban landscape in Florence, Italy

21. Hierarchy (Emphasis) Hierarchy may also be achieved through color.
Legislative Assembly
Building
Le Corbusier
Punjab, India
Hierarchy may also be achieved through color.