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Sensation and Perception

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Presentation on theme: "Sensation and Perception"— Presentation transcript:

1 Sensation and Perception
The 3 Step Process: Energy Conversion to Information. RECEIVE sensory stimulation with specialized receptor cells. TRANSFORM that stimulation into neural impulses. DELIVER the neural information to the brain for interpretation. What does that spell? T-R-A-N-S-D-U-C-T-I-O-N

2 Light Energy=Electromagnetic Pulses (Waves)

3 Two physical characteristics of light help determine our sensory experience of them.
Light’s wavelength = distance from one wave peak to the next determines its hue (the color we experience, ie. blue or green) Light’s intensity = amount of energy in light waves (determined by a wave’s amplitude or height) influences brightness.

4

5

6 The Structure of the Eye

7 The Structure of the Eye
Cornea = outer covering of the eye.

8 The Structure of the Eye
Pupil = the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

9 The Structure of the Eye
Iris = a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light intensity

10 The Structure of the Eye
Lens = the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

11 The Structure of the Eye
Retina = the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

12 The Structure of the Eye
Blind Spot = the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind” spot because no receptor cells are located there.

13 The Structure of the Eye
Fovea = the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster.

14 The Structure of the Eye
Optic Nerve = the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

15 The Receptor Cells *The retina contains two types of receptor cells: RODS: -Each retina contains 120 million rods -Rods respond to varying degrees of light, not to color -Chiefly responsible for night vision -Rods predominate just outside the fovea

16 CONES: -Each retina contains 6 million cones -Cones allow us to see color as well as light & dark. -Found mainly in the fovea (contains no rods at all) -Greatest density of cones is in the center of the fovea

17 The Optic Neural Cells Rods and Cones transmit messages to the bipolar cells. They act as the intermediary (think interneuron) between the receptors and the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells form the fibers of the optic nerve and deliver information to the brain to be interpreted.

18 Rods versus Cones

19 The Retina’s Reaction to Light

20 The Retina’s Reaction to Light

21 The Retina’s Reaction to Light

22 The Retina’s Reaction to Light

23 The Retina’s Reaction to Light

24

25 Visual Information Processing Visual Cortex

26 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex

27 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex

28 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex

29 Pathways from the eyes to the visual cortex

30 Visual Information Processing Feature Detection
Feature detectors

31 Visual Information Processing Parallel Processing
Blind sight

32 Visual information processing

33 Visual information processing

34 Visual information processing

35 Visual information processing

36 Visual information processing

37 Visual information processing

38

39 http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2013/09/06/colorblind-quiz_n_3867952

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41 Pathway to Vision Cornea Pupil Iris Lens Retina Fovea
Pathway to Vision in the Eye to Transduction Pathway to Vision in the Eye from Transduction Cornea Pupil Iris Lens Retina Fovea Transduction(Photo) Rods/Cones Bipolar Cells Ganglion Cells Optic Nerve Thalamus Visual Cortex/Association Area Occipital Lobe

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