1. Lesson 3.1: Functions of Tissues
Unit 3: Tissues
Lesson 3.1: Functions of Tissues

2. Circulatory: Heart & Blood vessels
Reproductive: Ovaries & Testes
Digestive: Stomach and digestive organs
Immune Lymph glands and nodes
Skeletal Bones & Cartilage
Nervous Brain and nerves
Integumental Skin & Hair
Endocrine glands & hormones
Excretory Kidneys
Respiratory Lungs
Muscular Skeletal Muscles

3. Organs perform specific functions
Heart:
Circulate blood
Lung:
Absorb oxygen
Testis/Ovaries:
Make gametes
Skeletal Muscle:
Move body parts
Breast:
Make milk for offspring
Lymph nodes:
Make immune cells
Brain:
Controls bodily functions and behavior
Stomach:
Digest food
Skin:
Cover organs and protect body
Bone:
Provide structure to body
Kidney:
Purify blood and secrete waste

4. the membrane encasing the heart
Term
Description
Serous Membranes
thin sheets of tissues that line body cavities closed to the outside world
Mucous Membranes
thin sheets of tissue lining the body cavities which open to the outside world
Pericardium
the membrane encasing the heart
Synovial Fluid
a clear liquid secreted by synovial membranes that gives cushioning for and decreases friction in synovial joints
Epithelial Membranes
thin sheets of tissue that line the body's internal and external surfaces
Membranes
thin sheets or layers of pliable tissue
Synovial Membrane
the lining of the synovial joint cavity that makes synovial fluid
Serous fluid
a thin, clear liquid which acts as a lubricant between parietal and visceral membranes
Peritoneum
the membrane lining the abdominal cavity
Cutaneous Membrane
another name for skin
Pleura
the membrane that surrounds the lung

5. Organs are made of tissues

6. Tissues perform specific functions

7. Tissues perform specific functions
We call the tissue that performs the organ’s function parenchyma.
We call the tissue that supports the organ’s function stroma.

8. Tissues often form tubes

9. Tissues often form tubes The esophagus

10. The Esophagus’s Parenchyma Tissue

11. The Esophagus’s Stroma Tissue
Parenchyma
Connective
tissue
Blood
vessel
Stroma
Esophagus

12. Our Organs’ Tissues often form Tubes Another example: The Breast
Parenchyma
Stroma

13. Tissues are made of a community of cells
Each member of the community serves a specific function
They work with other members to achieve bigger goals.

14. Parenchyma cells are often epithelia
Heart:
Muscle
Blood vessels
Nerves
Connective tissue
Lung:
Epithelial cells
Testis:
Skeletal Muscle:
Breast:
Lymph nodes:
Brain:
Stomach:
Skin:
Bone:
Kidney:
In many organs, the parenchyma is composed of epithelial cells.

15. For example: The Esophagus’s Parenchyma
Lumen
Epithelial
cells
Parenchyma
Basement membrane
Stroma
Esophagus

16. Cancers of epithelial cells are called carcinomas
Carcinomas = cancer of epithelial cells
Squamous cell carcinoma

17. Sarcoma = cancer of stromal cells
Cuboid cell adenocarcinoma
Columnar cell adenocarcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
*Adeno = “gland”, meaning cells secrete something
Sarcoma = cancer of stromal cells

18. Cancers are caused when cells stop being part of a community

19. Wrap Up
Epithelial cells are the most exposed to the outside world and carcinogens.
Lumen
Epithelial
cells
Parenchyma
Basement membrane
Discussion has information about what tissue sections are
Stroma
Esophagus

20. Wrap Up Tissue information is important! What cells are cancerous?
Is the basement membrane intact?
Basal Cell carcinoma
Basement membrane intact

21. Wrap Up Tissue information is important! What cells are cancerous?
Is the basement membrane intact?
Melanoma (carcinoma)
Breach of basement membrane

22. Wrap Up
Is it enough to be able to detect that an organ has a tumor in it?
What else would you want to know about the tumor and its cells?