1. Microgrids and Energy Storage for Smart City Planning
Atticus Doman
December 5, 2017

2. Agenda
Overview
Microgrids
Reduction of Carbon Intensive Peak Demand
Non-Routine Resilience of Critical Infrastructure
Energy Storage for Microgrids and DERs

3. Overview
Energy planning crucial aspect of urban planning for cities worldwide
Energy usage must be understood and associated costs must be budgeted
Energy outages could lead to disruption of critical infrastructure
Must prepare for growing, changing energy needs and future risks

4. Microgrids, DERs, and Energy Storage
Potential Solutions
Microgrids
Can isolate from electric grid
Distribution automation, control system, generation, and storage
Distributed Energy Resources
Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Fuel Cells, Solar, Wind, Hybrid Renewables and Microturbines
Energy Storage System
Peak shaving, smoothing power flow, and back up power

5. Incorporated into microgrid strategies
Energy Storage
Incorporated into microgrid strategies
Power quality issues
Sync with grid
Balance variable output of generation sources
Installed capacity of approximately 15 GW a new capacity and $22.3 billion in revenue by 2026
Battery Technologies most commonly used – NaS, vanadium redox flow, lithium ion, and lead acid

6. Key Aspects of Energy Planning
Reduction of carbon intensive peak demand
Enhance operation and non-routine resiliency of critical infrastructure
DERs, Microgrids, and ESS are a possibility

7. Microgrid Project Development
In United States alone, more than 260 microgrid projects planned or operational as of 2013
In 2016, utilities invested over $1.2 billion to pursue microgrids
Projects driven by natural disasters exposing infrastructure concerns, prevalence of renewables, and deregulation

8. Microgrid Project Development
State of Connecticut
Following Hurricane Sandy created first statewide microgrid program in 2013
9 projects total $18M in state funding
Rolling out in stages, recently completed 800 kW fuel cell microgrid in Hartford, CT
Provides emergency power for Parkville neighborhood to local fuel station and grocery store
Non-emergency 100% of neighborhood’s electricity

9. Microgrid Project Development
City of Chicago
$25M Bronzeville Microgrid Project
Connect neighborhood’s planned solar power sites with 10 MW ESS
Clustered microgrid with existing Illinois Institute of Technology grid
Supports critical facilities – medical centers and police facilities

10. Reduction of Peak Demand
Desires to reduce peak demand usage
Manage high costs of energy usage
Achieve carbon reduction goals
Utilize advanced infrastructure and renewable generation to optimize energy use
Managed through efficacy and conservation efforts
Load shifting – i.e. thermal storage
Utility demand response programs
Assessments and benchmarking

11. Reduction of Peak Demand
San Jose, California
150 residential customers
Demonstrated use of solar smart inverters and behind the meter storage
Boston, Massachusetts
Revamped zoning laws to allow for win power
1.5 MW and kW turbines surrounding Boston

12. Non-Routine Resilience
Resilient energy systems for critical infrastructure key component of planning
Must provide power during outages associated with natural disasters, security events
Traditionally relay on diesel and natural gas generators and traditional battery technologies
DERs, Microgrids, ESS becoming more realistic alternative

13. Non-Routine Resilience
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Barrio Obrero Fire Station
Replaced diesel generators with solar system and back up storage
More reliable – able to withstand 150 mph winds
Florida
115 solar systems with back up power
Provided emergency power during Hurricane Irma

14. Conclusion
Microgrids, DERs, ESS becoming increasingly realistic option for planning
Project examples have shown ability to reduce peak demand and improve non-routine resiliency
Technology and infrastructure advancements have contributed greatly to growing market and use