1. Module 25 Mineral and Energy Resources

2. Definition Pertanyaan:
Mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties
'Mineral Resources' is concentrations or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the earth's crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction (Wikipedia).
Pertanyaan:
Apakah lampu air, minyak, gas tergolong mineral?

3. PLATE TEKTONICS & METAL PROSPECTION

4. Ore Deposits
An ore is a type of rock that contains minerals with important elements including metals. The ores are extracted through mining; these are then refined to extract the valuable element
Ore deposits:
Primary
Secondary

5. PRIMARY ORE DEPOSITS Hydrothermal vein Contact Metamorphism
Magmatic Segregation

6. SECONDARY ORE DEPOSITS
Weathering and accumulation of ore deposits

7. SECONDARY ORE DEPOSITS
Placer deposits

8. SECONDARY ORE DEPOSITS
Placer deposits

9. DIAMOND

10. MINING
Open pit

11. EXAMPLES OF OIL TRAPS

12. FORMATION OF COAL

13. FORMATION OF COAL

14. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
Resources can be either renewable or nonrenewable
A renewable resource can replenished or regenerated.
For example, a food crop which can be consume each season.
Groundwater drawn from wells may eventually be replenished by rainwater.
But what does “eventually” mean? Some resources take a very long time to regenerated – longer than humans are willing or able to wait. For instance, it may take hundreds of years for groundwater supplies to be replenished.
So we must modify our definition:
A RENEWABLE RESOURCES IS ONE THAT CAN BE RENEWED ON A HUMAN TIME SCALE

15. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
Some mineral deposits are known to be forming today, but the rate of formation is exceedingly slow.
For example, it may take 600,000 years for a large copper deposit to be formed.
From a human point of view, resources such as coal, oil, copper, iron, gold and fertilizers are one-crop resources. The Earth’s supply of those “crops” is fixed.
Our modified definition:
RENEWABLE RESOURCES ARE THOSE THAT CAN BE RENEWED ON A HUMAN TIME SCALE, THE REST ARE NONREWABLE RESOURCES

17. Quaternary Volcanoes Belts of Indonesia

18. Distribution of Magmatic Arcs of Indonesia
(source: Carlile & Michell, 1994)

19. Distribution of Magmatic Arcs and Ore Minerals of Indonesia
LAUT CINA SELATAN
KALIMANTAN
MALAYSIA
MINDANAO
Busang
(Au)
Mt. Muro
(Au,Ag)
Borneo
Gosowang
Tombulilato
(Ni)
Masupa Ria
(Au,Ag)
Malala
(Ni)
Mesel
(Au)
Calang
Bintan
(Al)
Gebe
(Ni)
Grasberg/Estberg
(Cu, Au)
Geumpang
SUMATERA
Kelian
(Au)
Bulagidun
(Cu,Ag)
Logas
Burung Mandi
(Au)
Gag
(Ni)
Ampalit
(Au)
Lebong Tandai
(Au,Ag)
Soroako
(Ni)
The last arm of the strategy is to work with other large reputable mining companies.
We can offer significant benefits to international mining partners.
We have cash and a healthy cash flow,
We have mining skills,
We know Indonesia and the regulatory environment
The Government of Indonesia supports our strategy
and more
We have already entered into some cooperation agreements as you can see and as a result of the advantages we offer, we are already often approached by international companies wanting to invest in Indonesia.
From what I have said, you can see that we are well under way with our corporate strategy. As I have said, the next 10 years will be exciting times for Timah.
Lebong Donok
(Au,Ag)
Kelapa Kampit
(Sn)
Mirah
(Au,Ag)
Pomalaa
(Ni)
Lebong Simpang
(Au,Ag)
Lerokis/
Kali Kuning
(Au,Ag)
IRIAN
JAYA
JAWA
SULAWESI
Endapan bijih utama
Busur magmatik termineralisasi
Cikijang
(Au)
SUMBAWA
WETAR
Gunung Pongkor
(Au,Ag)
( sumber: Carlile dan Mitchel, 1994 )
Cikotok
(Au,Ag)
Trenggalek
Batu Hijau
(Cu, Au)
Primalirang
SAMODRA HINDIA
AUSTRALIA

20. Sedimentary Basins of Indonesia (after Padmosukismo at al., 1989)