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What do you expect? or A Taste of Metaphrasing.
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https://suehallnet.wordpress.com/category/history/
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Temple of Saturn and Temple of Vespasian, Roman Forum.
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A small second–third c. C. E. fragment of Plato’s Phædo P. Mich. inv
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Building (conscious and well-informed) reading expectations.
What do I see? What do I have? What do I expect?
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Metaphrasing Latin for Reading’s definition: “…a technique that relates the Latin system of morphology and syntax to English word-order patterns” (Knudsvig, Seligson, Craig, 1986). A means of noting and keeping track of your reading expectations, and noticing when they are fulfilled.
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virum
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virum What do I see. (Think about morphology / forms here
virum What do I see? (Think about morphology / forms here.) What do I have? (Think about syntax/cases uses.) What do I expect? (Think about syntax and sentence completeness.)
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virum What do I see? This is a noun in the accusative singular masculine. What do I have? With no preposition in front of it, it’s likely a direct object. What do I expect? I would like to have a subject and a transitive verb. “Someone does something to a man.” “Subject verbs a man.”
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consilium
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“A plan verbs a direct object.”
consilium “A plan verbs a direct object.” OR “Subject verbs a plan.”
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“A plan verbs a direct object.” OR “The leader verbs a plan.”
consilium dux “A plan verbs a direct object.” OR “The leader verbs a plan.”
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rapiunt
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“Subjects snatch a direct object.”
rapiunt “Subjects snatch a direct object.”
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ambulant
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ambulant “Subjects walk.”
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“Subjects snatch a direct object.” Transitive Active
rapiunt “Subjects snatch a direct object.” Transitive Active sentence pattern / kernel type (transitive active) V S DO ambulant “Subjects walk.” Inransitive Active (intransitive active) V S Talk about transitive/intransitice
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rapiuntur
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“Subjects/patients are snatched [by an agent].”
rapiuntur “Subjects/patients are snatched [by an agent].” N. B. With a passive verb *no* expectation of a DO is raised. Only transitive verbs can have a subject/patient. The agent is an expansion item, a modifier, not necessary for completeness.
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(transitive passive) V S
rapiuntur “Subjects/patients are snatched [by an agent].” Passive kernel type (transitive passive) V S
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“A plan verbs a direct object.”
consilium “A plan verbs a direct object.” OR “Subject verbs a plan.”
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“A plan verbs a direct object.”
consilium est “A plan verbs a direct object.” OR “Subject verbs a plan.” “A plan is something.” “Something is a plan.”
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(linking) V S Subject Complement
consilium est “A plan is something.” OR “Something is a plan.” Linking kernel type (linking) V S Subject Complement
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Kernel types Transitive active: (transitive active) S V DO Intransitive active: (intransitive active) S V Passive: (transitive passive) S V Linking: S LV Subject Complement Factitive: S V DO Object Complement ____________ Special Intransitive: S (sp. intrans.) V Dative Object Special Linking: S LV Dative Complement Impersonal passive: (intransitive passive) V
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