1. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia
Reptiles
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia

2. What Is a Reptile? a backbone tail usually four limbs dry, scaly skin
lungs
terrestrial eggs

3. Reptile Skin dry and thick scales helps prevent the loss of body
water in dry environments
skin does not grow when the rest of a reptile grows so it must be shed periodically as the reptile increases in size.

4. Geographic Distribution
reptiles are widely distributed on Earth.
Found in temperate and tropical areas

5. 215 mya Dinosaurs dominated Ranged from small to massive
Some had feathers – (modern birds evolved from dinosaurs)
215 mya

6. 65 mya a mass extinction occurred worldwide
caused by a dramatic series of natural disasters
a string of massive volcanic eruptions and lava flows,
the dropping of sea level,
a huge asteroid smashing into what is now the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.
major forest fires
enormous dust clouds

7. Body Temperature Control
All modern reptiles are all ectothermic (cold blooded)
To warm up, they bask in the sun during the day or stay under water at night.
To cool down, they move to the shade, go for a swim, or take shelter in underground burrows.

8. Feeding Iguanas are herbivores
Snakes prey on small animals, bird eggs, or even other snakes, grabbing them with their jaws and swallowing them whole
Crocodiles and alligators eat fish and land animals when they can catch them.
Most reptiles eat insects.

9. Response Reptiles have complex eyes Good sense of smell.
can detect chemicals when the reptiles flick their tongues.
have simple ears
Snakes can also pick up vibrations in the ground through bones in their skulls.
Some snakes can detect the body heat of their prey

10. Reproduction All reptiles reproduce by internal fertilization
After fertilization has occurred, the female's reproductive system covers the embryos with several membranes and a leathery shell.
Reproduction

11. Reptile Reproduction Continued
Most lay eggs
Some species lay their eggs in carefully prepared nests, then abandon them.
Alligators also lay their eggs in nests, but they guard the eggs until they hatch, and provide some care after hatching.
Some snakes and lizards have young born alive.

12. Four Modern Groups of Reptiles
1. Order Squamata – Lizards and Snakes
Most lizards have legs, clawed toes, external ears, and movable eyelids.
Snakes have lost both pairs of legs during the course of their evolution.
snakes are highly efficient predators, even in the ocean.
Range in size from a few inches to 24 feet
Some snakes produce venom, some kill by constriction
FUN FACT: More people in the United States die from bee stings than from snakebites.

13. Chameleons
Fig

14. Iguanas
Fig

15. Order Squamata Cotton mouth or water moccasin Copper head Rattlesnake
Fig

16. Snake Venoms Neurotoxins Hemorrhagins Fasciotomy Paralysis Blindness
Digest tissues
Prevent clotting
Fasciotomy

17. Viperidae
Fig

18. Gekkos
Fig

19. Red on yellow, kill a fellow
Red on black,
friend to jack
Coral snake or
King snake

20. Four Modern Groups of Reptiles
2. Order Crocodilia –includes alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and garials
long and typically broad snout and its squat appearance.
fierce carnivores that prey on animals such as fishes, deer, and even humans.
Crocodilians are very protective of their young. The females guard their eggs from predators. After the eggs are hatched, the mother gently carries her young to a nursery area and watches over them.

21. Order Crocodilia
Fig. 26.5

22. Crocodilians

23. Alligators vs. Crocodiles
Alligators and caimans live only in fresh water
and are found almost exclusively in North and South America and one species in china.
Crocodiles may live in either fresh or salt water and are native to Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.
Differences in snout
Alligators broader
Crocodiles narrower

24. Four Modern Groups of Reptiles
3. Orders Testudines and Chelonia – Turtles, tortoises and terrapins
Turtles live in water
tortoises live on land.
A terrapin is a turtle that is found in water that is somewhat salty (brackish)
No teeth, beak like jaw

25. Turtles and tortoises have a shell built into the skeleton
few species the shell is not very hard
The shell consists of two parts: a dorsal part, or carapace, and a ventral part, or plastron.
Tortoises and most turtles pull into their shells to protect themselves.

26. Fig. 26.8

29. Four Modern Groups of Reptiles
4. Order Sphenodonta– Tuataras (only living member)
only found on a few small islands off the
coast of New Zealand.
Resemble lizards
lack external ears
Have primitive scales.
have a legendary “third eye,” which is part of a complex organ located on top of the brain.
This eye can sense the level of sunlight, but its function is unknown.

30. Reptiles are in danger habitats have been, and are being, destroyed.
humans hunt reptiles for food, to sell as pets, and for their skins
Laws now protect some species, such as sea turtles, which were once numerous
Reptiles are in danger